From its inception at Colorado School of Mines in 1952, the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department has focused on education and basic and applied research aimed at problems of national interest. Our undergrads pursue degrees that are consistently shown to have some of the highest lifetime returns on investment for a public US university in an engineering department that is unique in that it delivers freshman biology in a state-of-the-art studio environment.

In 1910, following a decade in which the number of coal mine fatalities exceeded 2,000 annually, Congress established the Bureau of Mines as a new agency in the Department of the Interior. The Bureau was charged with the responsibility to conduct research and to reduce accidents in the coal mining industry, but was given no inspection authority until 1941, when Congress empowered federal inspectors to enter mines. In 1947, Congress authorized the formulation of the first code of federal regulations for mine safety.


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The Federal Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952 provided for annual inspections in certain underground coal mines, and gave the Bureau limited enforcement authority, including power to issue violation notices and imminent danger withdrawal orders. The 1952 Act also authorized the assessment of civil penalties against mine operators for noncompliance with withdrawal orders or for refusing to give inspectors access to mine property, although no provision was made for monetary penalties for noncompliance with the safety provisions. In 1966, Congress extended coverage of the 1952 Coal Act to all underground coal mines.

The first federal statute directly regulating non-coal mines did not appear until the passage of the Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act of 1966. The 1966 Act provided for the promulgation of standards, many of which were advisory, and for inspections and investigations; however, its enforcement authority was minimal.

The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, generally referred to as the Coal Act, was more comprehensive and more stringent than any previous Federal legislation governing the mining industry. The Coal Act included surface as well as underground coal mines within its scope, required two annual inspections of every surface coal mine and four at every underground coal mine, and dramatically increased federal enforcement powers in coal mines. The Coal Act also required monetary penalties for all violations, and establishedcriminal penalties for knowing and willful violations. The safety standards for all coal mines were strengthened, and health standards were adopted. The Coal Act included specificprocedures for the development of improved mandatory health and safety standards, and provided compensation for miners who were totally and permanently disabled by the progressive respiratory disease caused by the inhalation of fine coal dust pneumoconiosis or "black lung".

In 2006, Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act (MINER Act). The MINER Act amended the Mine Act to require mine-specific emergency response plans in underground coal mines; added new regulations regarding mine rescue teams and sealing of abandoned areas; required prompt notification of mine accidents; and enhanced civil penalties.

The Federal Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952 is a U.S. law authorizing the federal government to conduct annual inspections of underground coal mines with more than 15 workers, and gave the United States Bureau of Mines the authority to shut down a mine in cases of "imminent danger."[1] The Act authorized the assessment of civil penalties against mine operators for failing to comply with an order to shut down (a "withdrawal order")[2] or for refusing to give inspectors access to mine property. The law did not authorize monetary penalties for noncompliance with the safety provisions. In 1966, Congress extended coverage to all underground coal mines.[3]

Most regulation of mines was left to the U.S. states, and the Bureau of Mines or MSHA would get involved if either there were a disaster or a state agency request. Legislators apparently said that the federal 1952 law was oriented toward addressing the infrequent disasters in which five or more miners died, not preventing more common causes of deaths in mines.[2]

The arena is named for Mines alumnus John Lockridge. Lockridge was a star varsity basketball player, who graduated from Mines in 1952. In 2002, John and his wife, Erika, established the Blaster Endowed Scholarship to support non-resident basketball students at Mines.

A foreign corporation, owning gold and silver mines in the Philippine Islands, temporarily carried on in Ohio (during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines) a continuous and systematic, but limited, part of its general business -- consisting of directors' meetings, business correspondence, banking, stock transfers, payment of salaries, purchasing of machinery, etc. While engaged in doing such business in Ohio, its president was served with summons in an action in personam against the corporation filed in an Ohio state court by a nonresident of Ohio. The cause of action did not arise in Ohio, and did not relate to the corporation's activities there. A judgment sustaining a motion to quash the service was affirmed by the State Supreme Court.

The Mines Act, 1952 contains provisions for measures relating to the health, safety, and welfare of workers in the coal, metalliferous and oil mines. The Act prescribes the duties of the owner to manage mines / mining operation and the health, safety in mines. It also, prescribes the number of working hours in mines, the minimum wage rates, and other related matters. The Act is administered by the Ministry of Labor and Employment.


are the concern of the Central Government (Entry 55- Union List- Article 246). The objective is regulated by the Mines Act, 1952 and the Rules and Regulations framed thereunder which are administered by the Directorate- General of Mines Safety (DGMS), under the Union. Ministry of Labour and Employment. DGMS has also administered subordinate legislation like The Mines Rules, 1955 for health, safety, welfare of mine workers.

On January 14, 1952 a fire was detected in a balance in the Number 7 Level, West Section of the McGregor mine. As it was giving off too much carbon monoxide and heat for bare-faced men, a draeger team was engaged to build off the fire with temporary stoppings. (A stopping closed off a mine tunnel so that fire and gases could not spread.) With the heat and smoke coming down a 40-degree incline, the job was torturous for the draegerman encased in their fire-fighting and breathing gear, but they completed the job.

Under the Constitution of India, the safety, welfare and health of workers employed in mines are the concern of the Central Government (Entry 55, Union List, Article 246). The objective is regulated by the Mines Act, 1952, and the rules and regulations framed thereunder. These are administered by the Directorate-General of Mines Safety (DGMS), under the Union Ministry of Labour & Employment. The office has its headquarters at Dhanbad (Jharkhand).

The mines site operated from 1952 to 1981 and produced 400,000 tons of uranium ore. Today, the 174-acre area is being used for livestock grazing and includes one residence with some additional homes nearby. The work is expected to begin in July and last for four months.

During the Cold War, 30 million tons of uranium ore were mined on or adjacent to the Navajo Nation, leaving more than 500 abandoned mines. EPA has entered into settlement agreements valued at $1.7 billion to reduce the highest risks to the Navajo people. Since 2008, EPA has conducted preliminary investigations at all the mines, remediated 48 contaminated structures, provided safe drinking water to 3,013 families in partnership with the Indian Health Service, and performed cleanup or stabilization work at nine mines. In total, funds are available to begin the cleanup process at over 200 abandoned uranium mines, representing 40% of the abandoned uranium mines on the Navajo Nation. This work is a closely coordinated effort between federal agencies and the Navajo Nation to address the legacy of uranium contamination.

The situation became so bad that in the winter of 1952 the miners went on strike to force reforms at the hospital. William Dorsey, MD, the regional director for the United Mine Workers Welfare and Retirement Fund in Denver, represented the interests of the UMW.

The aim of this historical (retrospective) cohort study was to investigate the relation between occupational exposure to radon daughters and subsequent mortality from lung cancer. Participants were former workers from the Radium Hill uranium mine, which operated in eastern South Australia from 1952 to 1961. A total of 2,574 workers were identified from mine records. Exposures to radon daughters were estimated from historical records of radon gas concentrations in the mine and from individual job histories. Exposures of underground workers were low by comparison with other mines of that period (mean 7.0 Working Level Months [WLM], median 3.0 WLM). Thirty-six percent of the cohort could not be traced beyond the end of employment at Radium Hill. Among those traced to the end of 1987, lung cancer mortality was increased relative to the Australian national population of the period (Standardized Mortality Ratio = 194, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 142-245). Compared with surface workers, lung cancer mortality was markedly increased in the underground workers with radon daughter exposures greater than 40 WLM (relative risk = 5.2, CI = 1.8-15.1). From the available information, we conclude that this increase is unlikely to be due to differences in smoking habits or other confounders. Taken together with the findings from other occupational studies, these results support current moves towards more stringent radiation control in the workplace, and underline the importance of research into the possible effects of domestic radon exposures. 006ab0faaa

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