In many automated fabrication environments, production follows a logical sequence that can be summarized as Cut–Fab–Weld–Post.
This workflow begins with cutting, where raw materials—such as sheet metal, tubing, or plate—are processed to precise shapes and sizes using technologies like CNC laser cutting, plasma cutting, waterjet cutting, or automated sawing.
Next comes fabrication (Fab), where these cut components are formed or shaped into their final geometries through processes such as bending, rolling, stamping, or other forming methods.
Automated forming equipment ensures repeatability and reduces handling between steps.
Once the parts are formed, they move to welding, where welding systems join components into subassemblies or complete products.
Automation in this stage improves weld quality, speeds up production, and protects operators from heat, UV exposure, and fumes.
Finally, the post-process stage prepares the finished assembly for use or delivery. This may include grinding and finishing welds, applying protective coatings or paint, performing quality inspections, or adding hardware and other final details.
In modern automated systems, many of these post-processing steps can also be integrated into the workflow, creating a streamlined, high-efficiency production line.
By structuring operations into this clear sequence, manufacturers can reduce handling, minimize bottlenecks, and ensure a smooth, consistent flow from raw material to finished product.
There are many ways you can utilize 2D cutting processes in manufacturing.
The methods shown below increase the functionality and efficiency of making 2D designs/products, and can either be used individually or combined into hybrid methods for even greater design performance/efficiency
Blank Preparation
One of the most common uses of 2D cutting is to simply get pieces of material into rough shape ("blanks") in preparation for additional manufacturing processes to then be performed to refine or add additional features/geometry to the rough shape, turning it into a finished product. Examples include:
Turbine Blades
Gears
Flat Designs
Flat Designs are the simplest application of 2D Cutting processes. Examples include:
Signs
Flat Brackets
Washers
Gaskets/Bearing Surfaces
Bent/Rolled Designs
Bent/Rolled Designs have been formed from flat shapes into 3D shapes through bending/rolling. Examples include:
Metal Tubing (Round/Square/other)
Corrugated Sheets
Brackets
Ducting/Transitions
Formed Designs
Formed designs have been formed using pressure and/or heat via a variety of processes (stamping, forging, spinning, hydroforming, etc.) into complex 3D shapes. Examples include:
Automotive Body Panels
Aerospace Components
Stiffened Designs
Stiffened Designs utilize formed or attached reinforcements to a part/assembly that provide additional structural support to a component. Examples include:
Aircraft Wings
Vehicle Frames
Layer-Stacked Designs
Stacked designs are stacked together to form an assembly. Examples include:
Multi-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs)
Forming/Bending/Braking Dies
Tabbed Designs
Tabbed Designs have minimal connections (tabs) that allow for easier & more controlled bent/formed joints to turn a 2D pattern into a 3D structure. Examples include:
Origami-like "folded" structures
Brackets
Keyed Products
Keyed Designs have locating features (keys + slots, commonly) that fit together to form an assembly. These products can easily be packaged flat/efficiently for shipping or storage, and then easily assembled or fabricated upon delivery/arrival. Examples include:
Precision fabrication tables/fixtures
Interlocking furniture (firepits, end tables, many IKEA designs, etc.)
Assembled Designs
Utilized 2D cut geometries combined with other components via standard hardware, which can include: nuts, bolts, screws, hinges, pins, bearings, etc. Examples include:
Machinery
Scissor Mechanisms
Fabricated Designs
Typically involves welding and other processes to create a final product. Examples include:
Frames & other structural components
Metal Bumpers
Boat/Ship Hulls
Heavy Equipment Frames & Tools (ex: Excavators & Buckets, etc.)
Compliant Mechanisms
Compliant Mechanisms are flexible parts that are designed to bend or deform in a controlled manner, due to the elasticity of certain materials. Examples include:
Robotic Joints
Medical Devices
Microscopic and/or High Cycle-Count Actuators
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
Make individual components
Weld joint prep
Create fixture
Load parts into fixture
Pre-load parts to account for weld distortion
Strategically place small welds to fix and holds part together, locking them in-place
Ensure dimensionality/positionality of parts good prior to fully welding
Sequencing and Direction of welds important, to control/balance distortion
Weld/Part Cooling
Grinding/mechanical clean-up
Passivation (corrosion protection)
Heat-treat/stress-relieve (peening/thermal)
NDT/NDI
Part Finishing
Assembly/Other