Fluvoxamine

Pharmacologic Category

Antidepressant, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Dosing: Adult

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Oral:

Immediate release: Initial: 50 mg once daily at bedtime; may be increased in 50 mg increments at 4- to 7-day intervals, as tolerated; usual dose range: 100 to 300 mg daily; maximum dose: 300 mg/day. Note: Manufacturer's labeling recommends that daily doses >100 mg be given in 2 divided doses, with the larger dose administered at bedtime.

Extended release: Initial: 100 mg once daily at bedtime; may be increased in 50 mg increments at intervals of at least 1 week; usual dosage range: 100 to 300 mg daily; maximum dose: 300 mg/day

Bulimia nervosa (off-label use): Oral: Immediate release: Initial: 50 mg daily; increase dose based on response and tolerability up to 300 mg/day given in 1 or 2 divided doses (Brambilla 1995; Fichter 1996; Fichter 1997; Milano 2005). Additional data may be necessary to further define the role of fluvoxamine in this condition.

Major depressive disorder (off-label use): Oral: Immediate release: Initial: 50 mg/day; increase dose based on response and tolerability to usual dosage range of 100 to 200 mg/day; doses as high as 300 mg/day have been studied (Omori 2010; WFSBP [Bauer 2013]).

Panic disorder (off-label use): Oral: Immediate release: Initial: 25 to 50 mg daily; titrate gradually based on response and tolerability; usual dosage range: 100 to 200 mg daily (APA 2009; Asnis 2001).

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (off-label use): Oral: Immediate release: 75 mg twice daily (Spivak 2006).

Social anxiety disorder (off-label use): Oral:

Immediate release: Initial: 50 mg once daily; may increase in 50 mg increments at intervals of at least 1 week; usual dosage range: 100 to 300 mg daily (Asakura 2007).

Extended release: Initial: 100 mg once daily at bedtime; may be increased in 50 mg increments at intervals of at least 1 week; usual dosage range: 100 to 300 mg daily; maximum dose: 300 mg/day (Davidson 2004; Stein 2003; Westenberg 2004)

Discontinuation of therapy:When discontinuing antidepressant treatment that has lasted for >3 weeks, gradually taper the dose (eg, over 2 to 4 weeks) to minimize withdrawal symptoms and detect reemerging symptoms (APA 2010; WFSBP [Bauer 2015]). Reasons for a slower taper (eg, over 4 weeks) include use of a drug with a half-life <24 hours (eg, paroxetine, venlafaxine), prior history of antidepressant withdrawal symptoms, or high doses of antidepressants (APA 2010; Hirsch 2019). If intolerable withdrawal symptoms occur, resume the previously prescribed dose and/or decrease dose at a more gradual rate (Shelton 2001). Select patients (eg, those with a history of discontinuation syndrome) on long-term treatment (>6 months) may benefit from tapering over >3 months (WFSBP [Bauer 2015]). Evidence supporting ideal taper rates is limited (Shelton 2001; WFSBP [Bauer 2015]).

MAO inhibitor recommendations:

Switching to or from an MAO inhibitor intended to treat psychiatric disorders:

Allow 14 days to elapse between discontinuing an MAO inhibitor intended to treat psychiatric disorders and initiation of fluvoxamine.

Allow 14 days to elapse between discontinuing fluvoxamine and initiation of an MAO inhibitor intended to treat psychiatric disorders.

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

* See Dosage and Administration in AHFS Essentials for additional information.

Dosing: Geriatric

Refer to adult dosing. Consider a lower initial dose; titrate slowly.

Dosing: Renal Impairment: Adult

There are no dosage adjustments provided in manufacturer's labeling. Limited data suggest fluvoxamine does not accumulate in patients with renal impairment.

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Adult

Use lower initial doses and titrate slowly; use with caution. Some experts recommend a maximum dose of 150 mg in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Mauri 2014).

Dosing: Pediatric

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Children and Adolescents 8 to 17 years: Oral: Immediate release: Initial: 25 mg once daily at bedtime; adjust in 25 mg increments at 7- to 14-day intervals, as tolerated, to maximum therapeutic benefit; usual dosage range: 50 to 200 mg/day; daily doses >50 mg should be divided into 2 doses; administer larger portion at bedtime; maximum daily dose: Children: 8 to 11 years: 200 mg/day; Adolescents: 300 mg/day; lower doses may be effective in female versus male patients. Note: Slower titration of dose every 2 to 4 weeks may minimize the risk of behavioral activation; behavioral activation associated with SSRI use increases the risk of suicidal behavior. Higher mg/kg doses are needed in children compared to adolescents.

Discontinuation of OCD therapy: Consider planning discontinuation of therapy during lower-stress times, recognizing non-illness-related factors could cause stress or anxiety and be misattributed to OCD treatment discontinuation (Hathaway 2018). To discontinue therapy, gradually taper the dose to minimize the incidence of discontinuation syndromes (withdrawal) and allow for the detection of reemerging disease state symptoms (eg, relapse). Evidence supporting ideal taper rates after illness remission is sparse, particularly in pediatric patients; however, a general consensus is to taper over several weeks to months and to resume the previous OCD therapy if symptoms worsen; a plan for continued psychotherapy during serotonergic medication discontinuation is recommended (Boisseau 2018; Fenske 2015). A unified taper protocol has been reported in adults with OCD in which serotonin reuptake inhibitor monotherapy was tapered over 12 weeks with biweekly psychiatrist visits (Boisseau 2018). For the treatment of depression, experts suggest tapering therapy over at least several weeks with consideration to the half-life of the antidepressant; agents with a shorter half-life may need to be tapered more conservatively and if intolerable discontinuation symptoms occur following a dose reduction, consider resuming the previously prescribed dose and/or decrease dose at a more gradual rate; similar principles may also be applicable to OCD therapy discontinuation (APA 2010; Bauer 2002; Fenske 2009; Haddad 2001; NCCMH 2010; Schatzberg 2006; Shelton 2001; Warner 2006).

Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor recommendations:

Switching to or from an MAO inhibitor intended to treat psychiatric disorders:

Allow 14 days to elapse between discontinuing an MAO inhibitor intended to treat psychiatric disorders and initiation of fluvoxamine.

Allow 14 days to elapse between discontinuing fluvoxamine and initiation of an MAO inhibitor intended to treat psychiatric disorders.

Dosing: Renal Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosage adjustments provided in manufacturer's labeling. Limited data suggest fluvoxamine does not accumulate in patients with renal impairment.

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Pediatric

Children ≥8 years and Adolescents: There are no dosage adjustments provided in manufacturer's labeling. Limited data suggest fluvoxamine clearance is reduced in patients with hepatic impairment. Reduced initial dose and slow titration may be required. Monitor closely.

Use: Labeled Indications

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age and adults.

* See Uses in AHFS Essentials for additional information.

Use: Off-Label: Adult

​Bulimia nervosaLevel of Evidence [C, G]

Data from a limited number of patients in controlled trials suggest that fluvoxamine may be beneficial for the treatment of bulimia nervosa.Ref

According to the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders, fluvoxamine has demonstrated efficacy over placebo in the management of bulimia nervosa Ref. Access Full Off-Label Monograph

​Major depressive disorderLevel of Evidence [B, G]

Data from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials supports the use of fluvoxamine in the treatment of major depressive disorder Ref. Additional trials may be necessary to further define the role of fluvoxamine in this condition.

Based on the American Psychiatric Association guidelines for the treatment of major depressive disorder and the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines for the treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, fluvoxamine given for major depressive disorder is effective and recommended among other antidepressants in the management of this condition.

​Panic disorderLevel of Evidence [B, G]

Data from a prospective, randomized, double-blind study supports the use of fluvoxamine in the treatment of panic disorder Ref. Additional trials may be necessary to further define the role of fluvoxamine in this condition.

Based on the American Psychiatric Association guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder and the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines for the treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and post-traumatic stress disorders, fluvoxamine given for panic disorder is effective and recommended in the management of this condition.

​Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Level of Evidence [B, G]

Data from a double-blind, fixed-dosage, controlled study support the use of immediate-release fluvoxamine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Ref.

Based on the American Psychiatric Association guidelines for the treatment of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder and the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines for the treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including fluvoxamine, are effective and recommended in the management of PTSD. However, evidence for fluvoxamine is more limited in comparison with other SSRIs. Access Full Off-Label Monograph

​Social anxiety disorder (SAD)Level of Evidence [A, G]

Data from 4 multicenter, randomized, double-blind trials controlled studies supports the use of extended release and immediate release fluvoxamine in the treatment of condition social anxiety disorder Ref.

Based on the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry guidelines for the treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and post-traumatic stress disorders, fluvoxamine given for social anxiety disorder is effective and recommended in the management of this condition.

Level of Evidence Definitions

​Level of Evidence Scale

Class and Related Monographs

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Clinical Practice Guidelines

Anxiety Disorders:

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP), "Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, First Revision," 2008

Depression:

American Psychiatric Association, Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Third Edition, October 2010

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT), “Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults,” October 2009

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NCCMH), “Depression: The NICE Guideline on the Treatment and Management of Depression in Adults (Updated Edition).” 2010.

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP), “Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders, Part 1: Update 2013 on the Acute and Continuation Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders,” 2013.

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP), “Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders, Part 2: Maintenance Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and Treatment of Chronic Depressive Disorders and Subthreshold Depressions,” 2002.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD):

American Psychiatric Association, "Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder," 2007

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP), "Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, First Revision," 2008

Panic Disorder:

American Psychiatric Association, "Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Panic Disorder,” 2009

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):

American Psychiatric Association, "Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder," 2004

American Psychiatric Association, "Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder," Guideline Watch (March 2009)

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP), "Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, First Revision," 2008

Administration: Oral

May be administered with or without food. Do not crush, open, or chew ER capsules.

Bariatric surgery: Capsule, extended release: Some institutions may have specific protocols that conflict with these recommendations; refer to institutional protocols as appropriate. ER capsule cannot be opened. Consider switching to IR formulation, but dose adjustment may be necessary since the bioavailability of the IR formulation differs from the ER formulation.

Administration: Pediatric

Oral: May be administered without regard to meals. Do not chew or crush extended-release capsule; swallow whole.

Storage/Stability

Protect from high humidity and store at controlled room temperature 25°C (77°F); excursions are permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F).

Medication Patient Education with HCAHPS Considerations

What is this drug used for?

• It is used to treat obsessive-compulsive problems.

• It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.

All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away:

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Anxiety

• Dry mouth

• Fatigue

• Trouble sleeping

• Headache

• Loss of strength and energy

• Lack of appetite

• Diarrhea

• Constipation

• Abdominal pain

• Abdominal pain

• Passing gas

• Sweating a lot

• Tremors

• Common cold symptoms

• Change in taste

WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect:

• Depression like thoughts of suicide, anxiety, agitation, irritability, panic attacks, mood changes, behavioral changes, or confusion

• Low sodium like headache, trouble focusing, trouble with memory, confusion, weakness, seizures, or change in balance

• Bleeding like vomiting blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds; coughing up blood; blood in the urine; black, red, or tarry stools; bleeding from the gums; abnormal vaginal bleeding; bruises without a reason or that get bigger; or any severe or persistent bleeding

• Vision changes

• Eye pain

• Eye swelling

• Excessive weight gain

• Excessive weight loss

• Passing a lot of urine

• Sexual dysfunction

• Decreased sex drive

• Seizures

• Menstrual changes

• Serotonin syndrome like dizziness, severe headache, agitation, sensing things that seem real but are not, fast heartbeat, abnormal heartbeat, flushing, tremors, sweating a lot, change in balance, severe nausea, or severe diarrhea

• Erection that lasts more than 4 hours

• Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer: This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a limited summary of general information about the medicine's uses from the patient education leaflet and is not intended to be comprehensive. This limited summary does NOT include all information available about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. For a more detailed summary of information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine, please speak with your healthcare provider and review the entire patient education leaflet.

Medication Safety Issues

​Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

​Geriatric Patients: High-Risk Medication:

Medication Guide and/or Vaccine Information Statement (VIS)

An FDA-approved patient medication guide, which is available with the product information and as follows, must be dispensed with this medication:

Luvox CR capsule: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/022033s011lbl.pdf#page=26

Fluvoxamine tablet: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/021519s012lbl.pdf#page=32

Contraindications

Concurrent use with alosetron, pimozide, thioridazine, or tizanidine; use of MAO inhibitors intended to treat psychiatric disorders (concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuing either fluvoxamine or the MAO inhibitor); initiation of fluvoxamine in a patient receiving linezolid or intravenous methylene blue.

Canadian labeling: Additional contraindications (not in US labeling): Hypersensitivity to fluvoxamine or any component of the formulation; concurrent use with astemizole, cisapride, mesoridazine, ramelteon, or terfenadine.

Warnings/Precautions

Major psychiatric warnings:

• Suicidal thinking/behavior: [US Boxed Warning]: Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults (18 to 24 years of age) with major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders; consider risk prior to prescribing. Short-term studies did not show an increased risk in patients >24 years of age and showed a decreased risk in patients ≥65 years. Closely monitor patients for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior, particularly during the initial 1 to 2 months of therapy or during periods of dosage adjustments (increases or decreases); the patient's family or caregiver should be instructed to closely observe the patient and communicate condition with healthcare provider. A medication guide concerning the use of antidepressants should be dispensed with each prescription. Fluvoxamine is FDA approved for the treatment of OCD in children ≥8 years of age.

- The possibility of a suicide attempt is inherent in major depression and may persist until remission occurs. Worsening depression and severe abrupt suicidality that are not part of the presenting symptoms may require discontinuation or modification of drug therapy. Use caution in high-risk patients during initiation of therapy.

- Prescriptions should be written for the smallest quantity consistent with good patient care. The patient's family or caregiver should be alerted to monitor patients for the emergence of suicidality and associated behaviors such as anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, impulsivity, akathisia, hypomania, and mania; patients should be instructed to notify their health care provider if any of these symptoms or worsening depression occur.

Concerns related to adverse effects:

• Bleeding risk: May impair platelet aggregation resulting in increased risk of bleeding events, particularly if used concomitantly with aspirin, NSAIDs, warfarin or other anticoagulants. Bleeding related to SSRI use has been reported to range from relatively minor bruising and epistaxis to life-threatening hemorrhage.

• CNS depression: Has a low potential to impair cognitive or motor performance; caution operating hazardous machinery or driving.

• Fractures: Bone fractures have been associated with antidepressant treatment. Consider the possibility of a fragility fracture if an antidepressant-treated patient presents with unexplained bone pain, point tenderness, swelling, or bruising (Rabenda 2013; Rizzoli 2012).

• Impaired glucose control: Impaired glucose control (eg, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia) has been reported; monitor for signs/symptoms of loss of glucose control particularly in diabetic patients.

• Ocular effects: May cause mild pupillary dilation which in susceptible individuals can lead to an episode of narrow-angle glaucoma. Consider evaluating patients who have not had an iridectomy for narrow-angle glaucoma risk factors.

• Serotonin syndrome: Potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome (SS) has occurred with serotonergic agents (eg, SSRIs, SNRIs), particularly when used in combination with other serotonergic agents (eg, triptans, TCAs, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, buspirone, St John's wort, tryptophan) or agents that impair metabolism of serotonin (eg, MAO inhibitors intended to treat psychiatric disorders, other MAO inhibitors [ie, linezolid and intravenous methylene blue]). Monitor patients closely for signs of SS such as mental status changes (eg, agitation, hallucinations, delirium, coma); autonomic instability (eg, tachycardia, labile blood pressure, diaphoresis); neuromuscular changes (eg, tremor, rigidity, myoclonus); GI symptoms (eg, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea); and/or seizures. Discontinue treatment (and any concomitant serotonergic agent) immediately if signs/symptoms arise.

• Sexual dysfunction: May cause or exacerbate sexual dysfunction.

• SIADH and hyponatremia: SSRIs and SNRIs have been associated with the development of SIADH; hyponatremia has been reported rarely (including severe cases with serum sodium <110 mmol/L), predominately in the elderly. Volume depletion and/or concurrent use of diuretics likely increases risk. Consider discontinuation if symptomatic hyponatremia occurs.

Disease-related concerns:

• Cardiovascular disease: Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease; fluvoxamine has not been systemically evaluated in patients with a recent history of MI or unstable heart disease.

• Hepatic impairment: Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment; clearance is decreased and half-life and plasma concentrations are increased; a lower dosage may be needed. However, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluvoxamine are considered the safest antidepressants to use in chronic liver disease because of their relative lack of side effects and high therapeutic index (Mullish 2014).

• May precipitate a shift to mania or hypomania in patients with bipolar disorder. Monotherapy in patients with bipolar disorder should be avoided. Combination therapy with an antidepressant and a mood stabilizer may be effective for acute treatment of bipolar major depressive episodes, but should be avoided in acute mania or mixed episodes, as well as maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder due to the mood-destabilizing effects of antidepressants (CANMAT [Yatham 2018]; WFSBP [Grunze 2018]). Patients presenting with depressive symptoms should be screened for bipolar disorder. Fluvoxamine is not FDA approved for the treatment of bipolar depression.

• Seizure disorder: Use with caution in patients with a previous seizure disorder and avoid use with unstable seizure disorder. Discontinue use if seizures occur or if seizure frequency increases.

Concurrent drug therapy issues:

• Smokers: Fluvoxamine levels may be lower in patients who smoke.

Other warnings/precautions:

• Discontinuation syndrome: Abrupt discontinuation or interruption of antidepressant therapy has been associated with a discontinuation syndrome. Symptoms arising may vary with antidepressant however commonly include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, light-headedness, dizziness, diminished appetite, sweating, chills, tremors, paresthesias, fatigue, somnolence, and sleep disturbances (eg, vivid dreams, insomnia). Less common symptoms include electric shock-like sensations, cardiac arrhythmias (more common with tricyclic antidepressants), myalgias, parkinsonism, arthralgias, and balance difficulties. Psychological symptoms may also emerge such as agitation, anxiety, akathisia, panic attacks, irritability, aggressiveness, worsening of mood, dysphoria, mood lability, hyperactivity, mania/hypomania, depersonalization, decreased concentration, slowed thinking, confusion, and memory or concentration difficulties. Greater risks for developing a discontinuation syndrome have been associated with antidepressants with shorter half-lives, longer durations of treatment, and abrupt discontinuation. For antidepressants of short or intermediate half-lives, symptoms may emerge within 2 to 5 days after treatment discontinuation and last 7 to 14 days (APA 2010; Fava 2006; Haddad 2001; Shelton 2001; Warner 2006).

• Electroconvulsive therapy: Risk:benefits of combined therapy with electroconvulsive therapy have not been established.

* See Cautions in AHFS Essentials for additional information.

Geriatric Considerations

Given fluvoxamine's approved indication (OCD), the number of drug interactions, and the limited information available on its use in the elderly, it may be best to select a different agent when treating depression.

Warnings: Additional Pediatric Considerations

SSRI-associated behavioral activation (ie, restlessness, hyperkinesis, hyperactivity, agitation) is two- to threefold more prevalent in children compared to adolescents; it is more prevalent in adolescents compared to adults. Somnolence (including sedation and drowsiness) is more common in adults compared to children and adolescents (Safer 2006). May impair cognitive or motor performance. SSRI-associated vomiting is two- to threefold more prevalent in children compared to adolescents and is more prevalent in adolescents compared to adults (Safer 2006). A recent report (Lake 2000) describes five children (age 8 to 15 years) who developed epistaxis (n=4) or bruising (n=1) while receiving sertraline therapy. Another recent report describes the SSRI discontinuation syndrome in six children; the syndrome was similar to that reported in adults (Diler 2002). Due to limited long-term studies, the clinical usefulness of fluvoxamine should be periodically reevaluated in patients receiving the drug for extended intervals; effects of long-term use of fluvoxamine on pediatric growth, development, and maturation have not been directly assessed. Note: Case reports of decreased growth in children receiving fluoxetine or fluvoxamine (n=4; age: 11.6 to 13.7 years) for 6 months to 5 years suggest a suppression of growth hormone secretion during SSRI therapy (Weintrob 2002).

Reproductive Considerations

If treatment for major depressive disorder is initiated for the first time in females planning a pregnancy, agents other than fluvoxamine are preferred (Larsen 2015).

Pregnancy Considerations

Fluvoxamine crosses the human placenta (Newport 2003).

Nonteratogenic effects in the newborn following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) exposure late in the third trimester include respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypo- or hypertonia, hyper-reflexia, jitteriness, irritability, constant crying, and tremor. Symptoms may be due to the toxicity of the SSRIs/SNRIs or a discontinuation syndrome and may be consistent with serotonin syndrome associated with SSRI treatment. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) has also been reported with SSRI exposure.

Untreated or inadequately treated mental illness may lead to poor compliance with prenatal care. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that therapy with SSRIs or SNRIs during pregnancy be individualized. Use of a single agent is preferred. According to their recommendations, treatment of depression during pregnancy should incorporate the clinical expertise of the mental health clinician, obstetrician, primary care provider, and pediatrician (ACOG 2008). If treatment for major depressive disorder is initiated for the first time during pregnancy, agents other than fluvoxamine are preferred (Larsen 2015; MacQueen 2016).

Pregnant women exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy are encouraged to enroll in the National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants (NPRAD). Women 18 to 45 years of age or their health care providers may contact the registry by calling 844-405-6185. Enrollment should be done as early in pregnancy as possible.

Breast-Feeding Considerations

Fluvoxamine is present in breast milk.

The relative infant dose (RID) of fluvoxamine is 2.8% when calculated using the highest breast milk concentration located and compared to a weight-adjusted maternal dose of 150 mg/day.

In general, breastfeeding is considered acceptable when the RID is <10% (Anderson 2016; Ito 2000). However some sources note breastfeeding should only be considered if the RID is <5% for psychotropic agents (Larsen 2015).

The RID of fluvoxamine was calculated using a milk concentration of 425 ng/mL, providing an estimated daily infant dose via breast milk of 0.06 mg/kg/day. This milk concentration was obtained following maternal administration of fluvoxamine 150 mg/day. In this same study, maximum maternal serum concentrations were recorded at approximately the same times as the maximum breast milk concentrations (Kristensen 2002). However, avoiding breastfeeding during the expected peak concentrations will generally not decrease infant exposure significantly for antidepressants with long half-lives (Berle 2011).

In one case report, mild vomiting, severe diarrhea, decreased sleep, and increased agitation in a fully breastfed infant was reported (Uguz 2015). Infants of mothers using psychotropic medications should be monitored daily for changes in sleep, feeding patterns, and behavior (Bauer 2013) as well as infant growth and neurodevelopment (Sachs 2013; Sriraman 2015). Maternal use of an SSRI during pregnancy may cause delayed lactogenesis (Marshall 2010).

According to the manufacturer, the decision to continue or discontinue breastfeeding during therapy should consider the risk of exposure to the infant and the benefits of treatment to the mother. When first initiating an antidepressant in a breastfeeding woman, agents other than fluvoxamine are preferred. Women successfully treated with fluvoxamine during pregnancy may continue use while breastfeeding if there are no other contraindications (Berle 2011).

Lexicomp Pregnancy & Lactation, In-Depth

• FluvoxaMINE

Briggs' Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation

• Fluvoxamine

Adverse Reactions

Frequency varies by dosage form and indication. Adverse reactions reported as a composite of all indications.

>10%:

Central nervous system: Headache (22% to 35%), insomnia (21% to 35%), drowsiness (22% to 27%), dizziness (11% to 15%), nervousness (10% to 12%)

Gastrointestinal: Nausea (34% to 40%), diarrhea (11% to 18%), xerostomia (10% to 14%), anorexia (6% to 14%)

Genitourinary: Ejaculatory disorder (8% to 11%)

Neuromuscular & skeletal: Weakness (14% to 26%)

1% to 10%:

Cardiovascular: Chest pain (3%), palpitations (3%), vasodilation (2% to 3%), hypertension (1% to 2%), edema (≥1%), hypotension (≥1%), syncope (≥1%)

Central nervous system: Pain (10%), anxiety (5% to 8%), anorgasmia (2% to 5%), yawning (2% to 5%), abnormal dreams (3%), abnormality in thinking (3%), paresthesia (3%), agitation (2% to 3%), apathy (≥1% to 3%), central nervous system stimulation (2%), chills (2%), depression (2%), hypertonia (2%), psychoneurosis (2%), twitching (2%), amnesia (≥1%), manic reaction (≥1%), myoclonus (≥1%), psychotic reaction (≥1%), malaise (≤1%)

Dermatologic: Diaphoresis (6% to 7%), ecchymoses (4%), acne vulgaris (2%)

Endocrine & metabolic: Decreased libido (2% to 10%; incidence higher in males), hypermenorrhea (3%), weight loss (≥1% to 2%), weight gain (≥1%)

Gastrointestinal: Dyspepsia (8% to 10%), constipation (4% to 10%), vomiting (5% to 6%), abdominal pain (5%), flatulence (4%), dental caries (≤3%), tooth loss (≤3%), toothache (≤3%), dysgeusia (2% to 3%), dysphagia (2%), gingivitis (2%)

Genitourinary: Urinary frequency (3%), sexual disorder (2% to 3%), impotence (2%), urinary tract infection (2%), urinary retention (1%)

Hepatic: Abnormal hepatic function tests (2%)

Infection: Tooth abscess (≤3%), viral infection (2%)

Neuromuscular & skeletal: Tremor (5% to 8%), myalgia (5%), hyperkinesia (≥1%), hypokinesia (≥1%)

Ophthalmic: Amblyopia (2% to 3%)

Renal: Polyuria (2%)

Respiratory: Upper respiratory tract infection (9%), pharyngitis (6%), flu-like symptoms (3%), laryngitis (3%), bronchitis (2%), dyspnea (2%), epistaxis (2%), increased cough (≥1%), sinusitis (≥1%)

<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Abnormal gait, activation syndrome, acute renal failure, aggressive behavior, agranulocytosis, akinesia, amenorrhea, anaphylaxis, anemia, angina pectoris, angioedema, angle-closure glaucoma, anuria, aplastic anemia, apnea, asthma, ataxia, blurred vision, bradycardia, bruxism, bullous skin disease, cardiac conduction delay, cardiomyopathy, cardiorespiratory arrest, cerebrovascular accident, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, colitis, crying, decreased white blood cell count, delirium, diplopia, drowsiness (neonatal), dysarthria, dyskinesia, dystonia, extrapyramidal reaction, fatigue, fever, first degree atrioventricular block, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, glossalgia, goiter, hallucination, hematemesis, hematuria, hemoptysis, hepatitis, homicidal ideation, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity reaction, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypothyroidism, IgA vasculitis, impulsivity, interstitial pulmonary disease, intestinal obstruction, intoxicated feeling, irritability, jaundice, jitteriness, laryngismus, lethargy, leukocytosis, leukopenia, loss of consciousness, lymphadenopathy, melena, myasthenia, myocardial infarction, myopathy, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Stevens 2008), outbursts of anger, pancreatitis, paralysis, Parkinsonian-like syndrome, pericarditis, porphyria, priapism, prolonged QT interval on ECG, purpura, Raynaud's phenomenon (Khouri 2016; Peiró 2007), renal insufficiency, rhabdomyolysis, seizure, serotonin syndrome, shock, SIADH, ST segment changes on ECG, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, suicidal tendencies, supraventricular extrasystole, tachycardia, tardive dyskinesia, thrombocytopenia, thromboembolism, toxic epidermal necrolysis, vasculitis, ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia (including torsades de pointes)

* See Cautions in AHFS Essentials for additional information.

Allergy and Idiosyncratic Reactions

• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Allergy

Toxicology

• Antidepressants, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Metabolism/Transport Effects

Substrate of CYP1A2 (minor), CYP2D6 (minor); Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential; Inhibits CYP1A2 (strong), CYP2C19 (moderate), CYP2C9 (weak), CYP2D6 (weak), CYP3A4 (weak)

Drug Interactions Open Interactions

Acalabrutinib: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Acenocoumarol: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Acenocoumarol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Agents with Antiplatelet Properties (e.g., P2Y12 inhibitors, NSAIDs, SSRIs, etc.): May enhance the antiplatelet effect of other Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of Agents with Blood Glucose Lowering Effects. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Agomelatine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Agomelatine. Risk X: Avoid combination

Alcohol (Ethyl): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Specifically, the risk of psychomotor impairment may be enhanced. Management: Patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors should be advised to avoid alcohol. Monitor for increased psychomotor impairment in patients who consume alcohol during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Almotriptan: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Alosetron: FluvoxaMINE may decrease the metabolism of Alosetron. Risk X: Avoid combination

ALPRAZolam: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of ALPRAZolam. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Amphetamines: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability). Initiate amphetamines at lower doses, monitor frequently, and adjust doses as needed. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Anticoagulants: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Anticoagulants. Exceptions: Bemiparin; Enoxaparin; Heparin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Antiemetics (5HT3 Antagonists): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: Alosetron; Ondansetron; Ramosetron. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Antipsychotic Agents: Serotonergic Agents (High Risk) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Antipsychotic Agents. Specifically, serotonergic agents may enhance dopamine blockade, possibly increasing the risk for neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Antipsychotic Agents may enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Apixaban: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Apixaban. Specifically, the risk for bleeding may be increased. Management: Carefully consider risks and benefits of this combination and monitor closely. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Asenapine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Asenapine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Aspirin: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the antiplatelet effect of Aspirin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Bemiparin: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Bemiparin. Management: Avoid concomitant use of bemiparin with antiplatelet agents. If concomitant use is unavoidable, monitor closely for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Bendamustine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Bendamustine. Concentrations of the active metabolites of bendamustine may be decreased. Management: Consider alternatives to strong CYP1A2 inhibitors during therapy with bendamustine due to the potential for increased bendamustine plasma concentrations and increased bendamustine toxicity. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Brexanolone: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Brexanolone. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Brivaracetam: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Brivaracetam. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Bromazepam: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Bromazepam. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Bromopride: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Risk X: Avoid combination

BuPROPion: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of FluvoxaMINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy

BusPIRone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Caffeine and Caffeine Containing Products: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Caffeine and Caffeine Containing Products. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Cannabidiol: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Cannabidiol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

CarBAMazepine: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of CarBAMazepine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Carisoprodol: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Carisoprodol. CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Carisoprodol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Cephalothin: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Cephalothin. Specifically, the risk for bleeding may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Cilostazol: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Cilostazol. CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Cilostazol. Management: Reduce the cilostazol dose to 50 mg twice daily in patients who are also receiving moderate inhibitors of CYP2C19. Monitor clinical response to cilostazol closely. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Citalopram: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of FluvoxaMINE. Citalopram may enhance the serotonergic effect of FluvoxaMINE. This could result in serotonin syndrome. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Citalopram. Management: Limit citalopram dose to a maximum of 20 mg/day. Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding, QTc prolongation, or serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor) if combined. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

CloBAZam: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of CloBAZam. CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of CloBAZam. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Clopidogrel: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Clopidogrel. Risk C: Monitor therapy

CloZAPine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of CloZAPine. Management: Reduce the dose of clozapine to one-third of the original dose when adding a strong CYP1A2 inhibitor and monitor patient response closely. Return to the original clozapine dose when the strong CYP1A2 inhibitor is discontinued. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Collagenase (Systemic): Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Collagenase (Systemic). Specifically, the risk of injection site bruising and/or bleeding may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Cyclobenzaprine: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

CYP2D6 Inhibitors (Strong): May increase the serum concentration of FluvoxaMINE. Exceptions: BuPROPion; FLUoxetine; PARoxetine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Cyproheptadine: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dabigatran Etexilate: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Dabigatran Etexilate. Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may increase the serum concentration of Dabigatran Etexilate. This mechanism applies specifically to clopidogrel. Management: Carefully consider risks and benefits of this combination and monitor closely; Canadian labeling recommends avoiding prasugrel or ticagrelor. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dapoxetine: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Do not use serotonergic agents (high risk) with dapoxetine or within 7 days of serotonergic agent discontinuation. Do not use dapoxetine within 14 days of monoamine oxidase inhibitor use. Dapoxetine labeling lists this combination as contraindicated. Risk X: Avoid combination

Dasatinib: May enhance the anticoagulant effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Management: Drugs listed as exceptions to this monograph are discussed in further detail in separate drug interaction monographs. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Deoxycholic Acid: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Deoxycholic Acid. Specifically, the risk for bleeding or bruising in the treatment area may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Desmopressin: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Desmopressin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dexlansoprazole: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Dexlansoprazole. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dexmethylphenidate-Methylphenidate: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dextromethorphan: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

DiazePAM: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of DiazePAM. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Dofetilide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Dofetilide. Risk C: Monitor therapy

DULoxetine: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of FluvoxaMINE. DULoxetine may enhance the serotonergic effect of FluvoxaMINE. This could result in serotonin syndrome. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of DULoxetine. Risk X: Avoid combination

Edoxaban: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Edoxaban. Specifically, the risk of bleeding may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Eletriptan: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Enoxaparin: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Enoxaparin. Management: Discontinue antiplatelet agents prior to initiating enoxaparin whenever possible. If concomitant administration is unavoidable, monitor closely for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Ergot Derivatives: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: Lisuride; Nicergoline. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Erlotinib: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Erlotinib. Management: Avoid use of this combination when possible. When the combination must be used, monitor the patient closely for the development of severe adverse reactions, and if such severe reactions occur, reduce the erlotinib dose (in 50 mg decrements). Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Etizolam: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Etizolam. Management: Use lower etizolam doses when using this combination. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Etravirine: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Etravirine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Fat Emulsion (Fish Oil Based): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Fenfluramine: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Flibanserin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Flibanserin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Flibanserin: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Flibanserin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Gilteritinib: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Management: Avoid use of this combination if possible. If the combination cannot be avoided, monitor closely for evidence of reduced response to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Glucosamine: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Grapefruit Juice: May increase the serum concentration of FluvoxaMINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Haloperidol: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Haloperidol. Management: Monitor for increased haloperidol concentrations/effects when patients are receiving fluvoxamine, particularly when fluvoxamine dose is 150 mg/day or greater. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Heparin: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Heparin. Management: Decrease the dose of heparin or agents with antiplatelet properties if coadministration is required. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Herbs (Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Properties) (eg, Alfalfa, Anise, Bilberry): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Bleeding may occur. Management: Avoid combination when possible. If used, monitor more closely for evidence of bleeding. Discontinue herbal products with anticoagulant or antiplatelet actions 2 weeks prior to surgical, dental, or invasive procedures. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Ibritumomab Tiuxetan: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Ibritumomab Tiuxetan. Both agents may contribute to impaired platelet function and an increased risk of bleeding. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ibrutinib: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Icosapent Ethyl: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Inotersen: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ioflupane I 123: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may diminish the diagnostic effect of Ioflupane I 123. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lansoprazole: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Lansoprazole. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lasmiditan: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lemborexant: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Lemborexant. Management: The maximum recommended dosage of lemborexant is 5 mg, no more than once per night, when coadministered with weak CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Levomethadone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of FluvoxaMINE. This could result in serotonin syndrome. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Levomethadone. Management: Monitor for increased methadone effects/toxicities if combined with fluvoxamine. Also monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity if these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lidocaine (Systemic): CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Lidocaine (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Limaprost: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Linezolid: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Risk X: Avoid combination

Lomitapide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Lomitapide. Management: Patients on lomitapide 5 mg/day may continue that dose. Patients taking lomitapide 10 mg/day or more should decrease the lomitapide dose by half. The lomitapide dose may then be titrated up to a max adult dose of 30 mg/day. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Lorcaserin (Withdrawn From US Market): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Lumateperone: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Lumateperone. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Melatonin: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Melatonin. Risk X: Avoid combination

Metaxalone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Methadone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of FluvoxaMINE. This could result in serotonin syndrome. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Methadone. Management: Monitor for increased methadone effects/toxicities if combined with fluvoxamine. Also monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity if these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Methylene Blue: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Methylene Blue. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Risk X: Avoid combination

MetyroSINE: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Mexiletine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Mexiletine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Antidepressant): Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Antidepressant). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Risk X: Avoid combination

Multivitamins/Fluoride (with ADE): May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Multivitamins/Minerals (with ADEK, Folate, Iron): May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Multivitamins/Minerals (with AE, No Iron): May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nefazodone: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

NiMODipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of NiMODipine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (COX-2 Selective): Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the antiplatelet effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (COX-2 Selective). Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (COX-2 Selective) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Nonselective): Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the antiplatelet effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Nonselective). Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Nonselective) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Management: Consider alternatives to NSAIDs. Monitor for evidence of bleeding and diminished antidepressant effects. It is unclear whether COX-2-selective NSAIDs reduce risk. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Topical): May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Obinutuzumab: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Obinutuzumab. Specifically, the risk of serious bleeding-related events may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

OLANZapine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of OLANZapine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Omeprazole: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Omeprazole. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ondansetron: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Opioid Agonists: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: Alfentanil; Benzhydrocodone; Buprenorphine; Butorphanol; Codeine; Dihydrocodeine; FentaNYL; HYDROcodone; Levomethadone; Meperidine; Methadone; Oliceridine; OxyCODONE; SUFentanil; TraMADol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Opioid Agonists (metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Opioid Agonists (metabolized by CYP3A4): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: Levomethadone; Methadone. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Oxitriptan: Serotonergic Agents (High Risk) may enhance the serotonergic effect of Oxitriptan. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ozanimod: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). Management: Concomitant use of ozanimod with serotonergic agents is not recommended. If combined, monitor patients closely for the development of hypertension, including hypertensive crises. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Specifically, the risk of bleeding may be increased by concurrent use of these agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pentoxifylline: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pentoxifylline: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Pentoxifylline. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Pimozide: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Pimozide. Management: Drugs listed as exceptions to this monograph are discussed in further detail in separate drug interaction monographs as appropriate. Risk X: Avoid combination

Pimozide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Pimozide. Risk X: Avoid combination

Pirfenidone: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Pirfenidone. Management: Avoid concomitant use of pirfenidone and strong CYP1A2 inhibitors whenever possible. If combined, decrease the pirfenidone dose to 801 mg per day (267 mg three times daily) and monitor for increased pirfenidone toxicities. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Pomalidomide: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Pomalidomide. Management: Avoid when possible. If coadministration is necessary, reduce the pomalidomide dose to 2 mg and monitor for increased pomalidomide effects/toxicities. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Proguanil: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Proguanil. CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Proguanil. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Propafenone: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Propafenone. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Propranolol: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Propranolol. Management: Use a lower initial propranolol dose and be more cautious during propranolol dose titration when combined with strong CYP1A2 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Prostacyclin Analogues: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

QuiNIDine: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of QuiNIDine. QuiNIDine may increase the serum concentration of FluvoxaMINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ramelteon: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Ramelteon. Risk X: Avoid combination

Ramosetron: May enhance the serotonergic effect of FluvoxaMINE. This could result in serotonin syndrome. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Ramosetron. Management: Monitor for increased ramosetron effects/toxicities, including signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability) when these drugs are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Rasagiline: FluvoxaMINE may enhance the serotonergic effect of Rasagiline. This could result in serotonin syndrome. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Rasagiline. Risk X: Avoid combination

Riluzole: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Riluzole. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Rivaroxaban: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Rivaroxaban. Management: Carefully consider risks and benefits of this combination and monitor closely; Canadian labeling recommends avoiding prasugrel or ticagrelor. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Roflumilast: FluvoxaMINE may increase serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Roflumilast. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Roflumilast. Risk C: Monitor therapy

ROPINIRole: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of ROPINIRole. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ropivacaine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Ropivacaine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Safinamide: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Use the lowest effective dose of SSRIs in patients treated with safinamide and monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Salicylates: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Salicylates. Increased risk of bleeding may result. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of other Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of other Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. In addition, monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Exceptions: Citalopram; Dapoxetine; Vortioxetine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Selegiline: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Selegiline. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Risk X: Avoid combination

Selumetinib: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Serotonergic Agents (High Risk, Miscellaneous): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Serotonergic Non-Opioid CNS Depressants: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Non-Opioid CNS Depressants. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Serotonergic Opioids (High Risk): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) if these agents are combined. Exceptions: TraMADol. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Serotonin 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists (Triptans): May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Exceptions: Almotriptan; Eletriptan. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the antiplatelet effect of Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. In addition, monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Exceptions: DULoxetine. Risk C: Monitor therapy

St John's Wort: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. St John's Wort may decrease the serum concentration of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Syrian Rue: May enhance the serotonergic effect of Serotonergic Agents (High Risk). This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tacrolimus (Systemic): CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Tacrolimus (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy

Talazoparib: May increase the serum concentration of FluvoxaMINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tasimelteon: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Tasimelteon. Risk X: Avoid combination

Theophylline Derivatives: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of Theophylline Derivatives. Management: Consider avoidance of this combination. If coadministration is necessary, consider an empiric theophylline dose reduction to one-third of the original theophylline dose. Monitor for increased theophylline serum concentrations and toxicities when combined. Exceptions: Dyphylline. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the hyponatremic effect of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Thioridazine: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Thioridazine. Risk X: Avoid combination

Thrombolytic Agents: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Thrombolytic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Thyroid Products: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may diminish the therapeutic effect of Thyroid Products. Thyroid product dose requirements may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Tipranavir: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

TiZANidine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Strong) may increase the serum concentration of TiZANidine. Risk X: Avoid combination

Tobacco (Smoked): May decrease the serum concentration of FluvoxaMINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy

TOLBUTamide: CYP2C9 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of TOLBUTamide. Risk C: Monitor therapy

TraMADol: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Specifically, the risk for serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity and seizures may be increased. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) and seizures when these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Triazolam: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Triazolam. Management: Consider triazolam dose reduction in patients receiving concomitant weak CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Tricyclic Antidepressants: FluvoxaMINE may enhance the serotonergic effect of Tricyclic Antidepressants. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Tricyclic Antidepressants. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, autonomic instability, mental status changes) and increased TCA concentrations/effects if these agents are combined. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Ubrogepant: FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Ubrogepant. Management: Use an initial ubrogepant dose of 50 mg and consider avoiding a second dose for 24 hours when used with fluvoxamine. Risk D: Consider therapy modification

Urokinase: Agents with Antiplatelet Properties may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Urokinase. Risk X: Avoid combination

Vitamin E (Systemic): May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Vitamin K Antagonists (eg, warfarin): Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Voriconazole: CYP2C19 Inhibitors (Moderate) may increase the serum concentration of Voriconazole. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Vortioxetine: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Vortioxetine may enhance the serotonergic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. This could result in serotonin syndrome. Management: Monitor for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome/serotonin toxicity (eg, hyperreflexia, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, tremor, mental status changes) when these agents are combined. In addition, monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Zanubrutinib: May enhance the antiplatelet effect of Agents with Antiplatelet Properties. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Zolpidem: FluvoxaMINE may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Zolpidem. FluvoxaMINE may increase the serum concentration of Zolpidem. Risk C: Monitor therapy

Gene Testing May Be Considered

• CYP2D6 - Fluvoxamine

Genes of Interest

• Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor
• Cytochrome P450 1A2
• Dopamine Receptor D2
• Dopamine Receptor D4
• FK506 Binding Protein 5
• G protein beta subunit 3
• Monoamine Oxidase A
• Serotonin Receptor 2A
• Solute Carrier 6A4
• Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1

Monitoring Parameters

Evaluate mental status, suicide ideation (especially at the beginning of therapy or when doses are increased or decreased), anxiety, social functioning, mania, panic attacks or other unusual changes in behavior; signs/symptoms of serotonin syndrome; akathisia; weight and BMI; hepatic function (baseline and as clinically indicated).

Advanced Practitioners Physical Assessment/Monitoring

Taper dosage slowly when discontinuing. Assess mental status for depression, signs of clinical worsening, suicide ideation, anxiety, social functioning, mania, or panic attack.

Nursing Physical Assessment/Monitoring

Monitor for CNS and gastrointestinal disturbances. Taper dosage slowly when discontinuing. Assess mental status for depression, signs of clinical worsening, suicide ideation, anxiety, social functioning, mania, or panic attack.

Dosage Forms: US

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Capsule Extended Release 24 Hour, Oral, as maleate:

Generic: 100 mg, 150 mg

Tablet, Oral, as maleate:

Generic: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Dosage Forms: Canada

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Tablet, Oral, as maleate:

Luvox: 50 mg, 100 mg

Generic: 50 mg, 100 mg

Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification

• N06AB08

Generic Available (US)

Yes

Pricing: US

Capsule ER 24 Hour Therapy Pack (fluvoxaMINE Maleate ER Oral)

100 mg (per each): $10.18

150 mg (per each): $10.93

Tablets (fluvoxaMINE Maleate Oral)

25 mg (per each): $2.30

50 mg (per each): $2.57

100 mg (per each): $2.63 - $2.64

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits CNS neuron serotonin uptake; minimal or no effect on reuptake of norepinephrine or dopamine; does not significantly bind to alpha-adrenergic, histamine or cholinergic receptors

Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

Onset of action:

Anxiety disorders (obsessive-compulsive, panic, and posttraumatic stress disorder): Initial effects may be observed within 2 weeks of treatment, with continued improvements through 4 to 6 weeks (Issari 2016; Varigonda 2016; WFSBP [Bandelow 2012]); some experts suggest up to 12 weeks of treatment may be necessary for response, particularly in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (BAP [Baldwin 2014]; Katzman 2014; WFSBP [Bandelow 2012]).

Depression: Initial effects may be observed within 1 to 2 weeks of treatment, with continued improvements through 4 to 6 weeks (Papakostas 2006; Posternak 2005; Szegedi 2009; Taylor 2006).

Distribution: Vd: ~25 L/kg

Protein binding: ~80%, primarily to albumin

Metabolism: Extensively hepatic via oxidative demethylation and deamination

Bioavailability: Immediate release: 53%; Extended release: 84%; not significantly affected by food.

Half-life elimination: ~14 to 16 hours; ~17 to 26 hours in the elderly

Time to peak, plasma: 3 to 8 hours

Excretion: Urine (~85% as metabolites; ~2% as unchanged drug)

Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics: Additional Considerations

Hepatic function impairment: For the IR tablets, a 30% decrease in clearance has been observed in patients with hepatic impairment compared with healthy subjects. Half-life and AUC increased by ~50% following a single dose of immediate release fluvoxamine in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (van Harten 1993).

Pediatric: For the immediate-release tablets, area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax were 1.5- and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, in children 6 to 11 years of age. Female children had significantly higher AUC and Cmax compared with males. AUC and Cmax in adolescents 12 to 17 years of age were similar to adults and there were no gender differences.

Geriatric: For the immediate-release tablets, compared with younger subjects, clearance is reduced by 50% and mean max plasma concentrations are 40% higher in the elderly.

Gender: For the extended-release capsules, the AUC and Cmax were increased by approximately 60% in healthy women compared with men.

Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions

Although caution should be used in patients taking tricyclic antidepressants, no interactions have been reported with vasoconstrictors and fluvoxamine, a nontricyclic antidepressant which acts to increase serotonin; no precautions appear to be needed

Dental Health Professional Considerations

Problems with SSRI-induced bruxism have been reported and may preclude their use. Clinicians attempting to evaluate any patient with bruxism or involuntary muscle movement, who is simultaneously being treated with an SSRI drug, should be aware of the potential association.

Effects on Dental Treatment

Key adverse event(s) related to dental treatment: Xerostomia (normal salivary flow resumes upon discontinuation) and abnormal taste. Problems with SSRI-induced bruxism have been reported and may preclude their use; clinicians attempting to evaluate any patient with bruxism or involuntary muscle movement, who is simultaneously being treated with an SSRI drug, should be aware of the potential association. See Effects on Bleeding and Dental Health Professional Considerations.

Effects on Bleeding

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluvoxamine may impair platelet aggregation due to platelet serotonin depletion, possibly increasing the risk of a bleeding complication. The risk of a bleeding complication can be increased by coadministration of other antiplatelet agents such as NSAIDs and aspirin.

Related Information

• Antidepressant Receptor Profile
• Beers Criteria 2019: Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults ≥65 Years of Age
• Comparison of Antidepressant Adverse Effects
• Drugs With Actionable Pharmacogenomic Recommendations
• Inhibitors and Inducers of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
• Oral Medications That Should Not Be Crushed or Altered
• Relative Infant Dose
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Pharmacokinetics
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Receptor Profile

Index Terms

Fluvoxamine Maleate; Luvox

FDA Approval Date

December 05, 1994

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Brand Names: International

Anwu (MY, TW); Avoxin (HR); Depromel (JP); Dumirox (DK, ES, IT, KR, UY); Dumyrox (GR, PT); Ervosal (EG); Faverin (AE, AU, BH, CY, EG, GB, HK, IE, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, MT, OM, PK, QA, SA, SG, SY, TH, TR, YE, ZA); Favoxil (IL); Fevalax (PY); Fevarin (BG, CZ, EE, FI, HR, HU, IT, LT, LV, NL, NO, PL, RO, RU, SE, UA); Floxyfral (AT, BE, CH, FR, LU); Fluvohexal (DE); Fluvoxim (PE); Fluvoxin (IN, TH); Fluxamine (EG); Forezol (CR, DO, GT, HN, NI, PA, SV); Foxa (IN); Freevox (LK); Lote (TW); Luvat (CL); Luvox (AR, AU, BR, CL, CN, CR, DO, EC, GT, HN, ID, JP, MX, MY, NI, NZ, PA, PE, SV, TW, VE, VN, ZA); Maveral (IT); Movox (AU); Relafin (BD); Uvox (IN); Voxam (AU); Voxamin (CO); Vuminix (CR, DO, GT, HN, MX, NI, PA, SV)

Last Updated 10/14/20