Embedded Files
Pharmacologic Category
Dosing: Adult
US labeling:
Rx: Allergic rhinitis: Intranasal: One spray (32 mcg) in each nostril once daily (total daily dose: 64 mcg/day). Some patients who do not achieve adequate control may benefit from increased dosage. A reduced dosage may be effective after initial control is achieved (maximum dose: 4 sprays [128 mcg] in each nostril once daily [total daily dose: 256 mcg/day]).
OTC: Upper respiratory symptoms: Intranasal: Two sprays (64 mcg) in each nostril once daily (total daily dosage: 128 mcg/day); once symptoms improve, reduce to 1 spray (32 mcg) in each nostril once daily (total daily dosage: 64 mcg/day)
Canadian labeling: Note: Discontinue therapy if significant improvement is not observed within 3 weeks
Nasal polyps: Intranasal:
Rhinocort Aqua: One spray (64 mcg) in each nostril twice daily; total daily dose: 256 mcg/day
Rhinocort Turbuhaler: One application (100 mcg) in each nostril twice daily; total daily dose: 400 mcg/day
Rhinitis: Intranasal: Note: If possible initiate therapy prior to allergen exposure.
Rhinocort Aqua: Initial: Two sprays (128 mcg) in each nostril once daily or 1 spray (64 mcg) in each nostril twice daily (total daily dose: 256 mcg/day); Maintenance: Individualize, use lowest effective dose.
Rhinocort Turbuhaler: Initial: Two applications (200 mcg) in each nostril once daily (total daily dose: 400 mcg/day); Maintenance: Individualize; use lowest effective dose.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
* See Dosage and Administration in AHFS Essentials for additional information.
Dosing: Geriatric
Refer to adult dosing.
Dosing: Renal Impairment: Adult
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer’s labeling (has not been studied).
Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Adult
There are no dosage adjustments provided in manufacturer’s labeling (has not been studied). Systemic availability of budesonide may be increased in patients with hepatic impairment; monitor closely for signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism.
Dosing: Pediatric
Allergic rhinitis, hayfever; relief of nasal symptoms: OTC formulation (32 mcg/spray):
Children 6 to <12 years: Intranasal: Initial: 1 spray (32 mcg) per nostril once daily; dose may be increased if needed to 2 sprays (64 mcg) per nostril once daily; after improvement of symptoms, decrease dose to 1 spray (32 mcg) per nostril once daily. If duration of therapy exceeds 2 months, consider additional monitoring parameters (eg, growth). Maximum daily dose: 128 mcg/day.
Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Intranasal: Initial: 2 sprays (64 mcg) per nostril once daily; after improvement of symptoms, decrease dose to 1 spray (32 mcg) per nostril once daily. Usual maximum daily dose: 128 mcg/day. Note: Based on previous FDA-approved manufacturer labeling (Rhinocort Aqua prescribing information 2010), some patients who do not achieve adequate control may benefit from increased dosage of 4 sprays (128 mcg) per nostril once daily; a reduced dosage may be effective after initial control is achieved.
Canadian labeling: Children ≥6 years and Adolescents: Intranasal:
Rhinocort Aqua 64 mcg/spray [Canadian product]: Initial: 2 sprays (128 mcg) in each nostril once daily or 1 spray (64 mcg) in each nostril twice daily (total daily dose: 256 mcg/day). Once symptoms are controlled, decrease dose to lowest effective dose.
Rhinocort Turbuhaler 100 mcg/spray [Canadian product]: Initial: 2 sprays (200 mcg) in each nostril once daily (total daily dose: 400 mcg/day). Once symptoms are controlled, decrease dose to lowest effective dose.
Sleep apnea/disturbances, obstructive (mild): Limited data available (Dehlink 2016; Kaditis 2016): Children ≥6 years and Adolescents: Intranasal: 1 spray (32 mcg) per nostril once daily (at bedtime) or twice daily for 6 weeks. Once daily dosing based on a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in 62 children (age range: 6 to 12 years) who received 1 spray (32 mcg) in each nostril once daily at bedtime; treated patients showed decreased severity of respiratory disturbance and adenoid tissue size; results also showed therapeutic effect prolonged for at least 8 weeks following discontinuation of therapy; respiratory and sleep parameters did not worsen during this time (Kheirandish-Gozal 2008). A placebo-controlled trial of 60 children with sleep disordered breathing (treatment group, n=30; age range: 4 to 10 years) who received 1 spray (32 mcg) in each nostril twice daily showed a significant improvement in quality of life and symptoms compared to placebo (Gudnadottir 2018). Consensus recommendations suggest a trial of 6 to 12 weeks of intranasal corticosteroid as one of the initial therapeutic steps in the management in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea along with weight loss (Dehlink 2016; Kaditis 2016).
Nasal polyps: Canadian labeling: Children ≥6 years and Adolescents: Intranasal:
Rhinocort Aqua 64 mcg/spray [Canadian product]: 1 spray (64 mcg) in each nostril twice daily; total daily dose: 256 mcg/day
Rhinocort Turbuhaler 100 mcg/spray [Canadian product]: One spray (100 mcg) in each nostril twice daily; total daily dose: 400 mcg/day
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
Dosing: Renal Impairment: Pediatric
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (not studied).
Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Pediatric
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling. Systemic availability of budesonide may be increased in patients with hepatic impairment; monitor closely for signs and symptoms of hypercorticism; dosage reduction may be required.
Use: Labeled Indications
US labeling:
Rx: Allergic rhinitis: Management of symptoms of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis in adults and children ≥6 years.
OTC: Upper respiratory symptoms: Relief of symptoms of hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies (eg, nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, sneezing) in adults and children ≥6 years.
Canadian labeling:
Nasal polyps: Treatment of nasal polyps; prevention of nasal polyps after polypectomy.
Rhinitis: Management of symptoms of seasonal allergic, perennial, and vasomotor rhinitis unresponsive to conventional therapy.
* See Uses in AHFS Essentials for additional information.
Use: Off-Label: Adult
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, adjunct to antibiotics (empiric treatment) Level of Evidence [G]
Based on the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) in children and adults and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNS) guidelines for adult sinusitis, budesonide (nasal), among other intranasal corticosteroids, is effective and recommended as an adjunctive treatment to antibiotic therapy for the management of ABRS primarily when a history of allergic rhinitis exists (according to IDSA guidelines).
Chronic rhinosinusitisLevel of Evidence [G]
Based on the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNS) guidelines for adult sinusitis, budesonide (nasal), among other intranasal corticosteroids, is effective and recommended (with or without nasal saline irrigation) for the symptomatic relief of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Level of Evidence Definitions
Level of Evidence Scale
Class and Related Monographs
Clinical Practice Guidelines
AAAAI and ACAAI, “Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis,” 2017 Update
AAO-HNS, “Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Adult Sinusitis,” 2015
AAO-HNS, “Clinical Practice Guideline: Allergic Rhinitis,” 2015
IDSA, “Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adults,” 2012
Administration: Intranasal
Powder for nasal inhalation: Rhinocort Turbuhaler [Canadian product]: To prepare inhaler prior to use, load dose by holding inhaler in upright position and turn grey grip as far as it will go in one direction and then turn it as far as it will go in the other direction. Prior to first use, this procedure should be done twice; with subsequent dosing, perform this procedure once. Clicking sound means inhaler is loaded with dose and ready for use. Place nasal adapter into nostril and ensure firm fit. Cover opposite nostril with finger and inhale (sniff) quickly and forcefully. Do not exhale through inhaler. If the Turbuhaler is dropped, shaken, or exhaled into after it is loaded, the dose will be lost and a new dose will need to be loaded. When a red mark appears in the dose indicator window, 20 doses are left. When the red mark reaches the bottom of the window, the inhaler should be discarded.
Suspension for nasal inhalation: Shake gently before use. Prime before first use by actuating 8 times. If not used for 2 consecutive days, reprime with 1 spray or until a fine spray appears; if not used for >14 days, rinse applicator and reprime with 2 sprays or until fine spray appears. Discard after 60 or 120 sprays.
Administration: Pediatric
Suspension for nasal inhalation: Shake gently prior to each use. Before first use, prime by pressing pump until a fine spray appears (~8 times). If ≥2 days between use, repeat priming until a fine spray appears (~1 time). If >14 days between use, rinse applicator and allow to dry, then repeat priming until a fine spray appears (~2 sprays). Blow nose to clear nostrils before each use. Insert applicator into nostril, keeping bottle upright, and close off the other nostril. Breathe in through nose and while inhaling (sniffing), press pump to release spray. After administration lean head backward for a few seconds; avoid blowing nose for 15 minutes after use. Do not spray into eyes or mouth.
Powder for nasal inhalation: Rhinocort Turbuhaler [Canadian product]: To prepare inhaler prior to use, load dose by holding inhaler in upright position and turn grey grip as far as it will go in one direction and then turn it as far as it will go in the other direction. Prior to first use, this procedure should be done twice; with subsequent dosing, perform this procedure once. Clicking sound means inhaler is loaded with dose and ready for use. Place nasal adapter into nostril and ensure snug fit. Cover opposite nostril with finger and inhale (sniff) quickly and forcefully. Do not exhale through inhaler. If the Turbuhaler is dropped, shaken, or exhaled into after it is loaded, the dose will be lost and a new dose will need to be loaded. When a red mark appears in the dose indicator window, 20 doses are left. When the red mark reaches the bottom of the window, the inhaler should be discarded.
Storage/Stability
US labeling: Store with valve up at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); do not freeze. Protect from light.
Canadian labeling: Store at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
Medication Patient Education with HCAHPS Considerations
What is this drug used for?
• It is used to ease allergy signs.
All drugs may cause side effects. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away:
• Cough
• Sore throat
WARNING/CAUTION: Even though it may be rare, some people may have very bad and sometimes deadly side effects when taking a drug. Tell your doctor or get medical help right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms that may be related to a very bad side effect:
• Infection
• Severe dizziness
• Passing out
• Severe nose irritation
• Severe nosebleed
• Wheezing
• Nasal sores
• Thrush
• Severe nausea
• Severe vomiting
• Severe loss of strength and energy
• Vision changes
• Signs of an allergic reaction, like rash; hives; itching; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing; tightness in the chest or throat; trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking; unusual hoarseness; or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Talk to your doctor if you have questions.
Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer: This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only the healthcare provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for a specific patient. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a limited summary of general information about the medicine's uses from the patient education leaflet and is not intended to be comprehensive. This limited summary does NOT include all information available about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and does not replace information you receive from the healthcare provider. For a more detailed summary of information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine, please speak with your healthcare provider and review the entire patient education leaflet.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to budesonide or any component of the formulation
OTC labeling: When used for self-medication, do not use in children <6 years of age.
Canadian labeling: Additional contraindications (not in US labeling): Tuberculosis (active or quiescent); untreated bacterial, fungal, or viral infections; use in children <6 years of age
Warnings/Precautions
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• Adrenal suppression: May cause hypercortisolism or suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly in younger children or in patients receiving high doses for prolonged periods. HPA axis suppression may lead to adrenal crisis. Withdrawal and discontinuation of a corticosteroid should be done slowly and carefully. Pediatric patients may be more susceptible to systemic toxicity. Particular care is required when patients are transferred from systemic corticosteroids to inhaled products due to possible adrenal insufficiency or withdrawal from steroids, including an increase in allergic symptoms. Adult patients receiving ≥20 mg per day of prednisone (or equivalent) may be most susceptible.
• Delayed wound healing: Avoid nasal corticosteroid use in patients with recent nasal septal ulcers, nasal surgery or nasal trauma until healing has occurred.
• Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions (eg, anaphylactic reactions, angioedema, pruritus, urticaria, rash, dermatitis) may occur.
• Immunosuppression: Prolonged use of corticosteroids may also increase the incidence of secondary infection, mask acute infection (including fungal infections), prolong or exacerbate viral infections, or limit response to vaccines. Avoid exposure to chickenpox and/or measles, especially if not immunized. Avoid use or use with caution in patients with latent/active tuberculosis, untreated bacterial or fungal infections (local or systemic), viral or parasitic infections, or ocular herpes simplex. The Canadian labeling contraindicates use in patients with active or quiescent TB or with untreated bacterial, fungal, or viral infections.
• Local nasal effects: Nasal septal perforation, nasal ulceration, epistaxis, and localized Candida albicans infections of the nose and/or pharynx may occur. Monitor patients periodically for adverse nasal effects; discontinuation of therapy may be necessary if an infection occurs.
Disease-related concerns:
• Ocular disease: Use with caution in patients with cataracts and/or glaucoma; increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and cataracts have occurred with prolonged use. Consider routine eye exams in chronic users or in patients who report visual changes.
Special populations:
• Pediatric: Avoid using higher than recommended dosages; suppression of linear growth (ie, reduction of growth velocity), reduced bone mineral density, or hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) may occur; titrate to lowest effective dose. Reduction in growth velocity may occur when corticosteroids are administered to pediatric patients, even at recommended doses via intranasal route (monitor growth).
Other warnings/precautions:
• Self-medication (OTC use): Consult a health care provider before use if you have had recent nose ulcers or nose surgery; have a nose injury that has not healed; are using a steroid medicine for asthma, allergies or skin rash; have an eye infection; and/or have or had glaucoma or cataracts. When using this product, symptoms may get better on the first day of treatment; however, it may take up to 2 weeks of daily use to feel the most relief. Discontinue use and consult a health care provider if symptoms do not improve after 2 weeks, or if an infection (eg, persistent fever), changes in vision, or frequent nosebleeds occur. Do not spray into eyes or mouth or use more than directed or for the common cold.
* See Cautions in AHFS Essentials for additional information.
Geriatric Considerations
Evaluate the patient’s or caregiver’s ability to safely administer the correct dose of nasal medication.
Pregnancy Considerations
Maternal use of intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) in usual doses are not associated with an increased risk of fetal malformations or preterm birth (ERS/TSANZ [Middleton 2020]). Although an agent with less systemic absorption may be considered, budesonide is one of the INCS that may be used during pregnancy (Alhussien 2018; BSACI [Scadding 2017]; ERS/TSANZ [Middleton 2020]).
Breast-Feeding Considerations
Maternal use of intranasal budesonide is considered compatible with breastfeeding (ERS/TSANZ [Middleton 2020]).
Briggs' Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation
Adverse Reactions
1% to 10%: Respiratory: Epistaxis (8%), pharyngitis (4%), bronchospasm (2%), cough (2%), nasal mucosa irritation (2%)
<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Anosmia, cataract, crusting of nose, dizziness, fatigue, glaucoma, growth suppression, headache, hypersensitivity reaction, increased intraocular pressure, mucous membrane ulceration, nasal septum perforation, nausea, pharyngeal disease (irritation, itchy throat, throat pain), wheezing
* See Cautions in AHFS Essentials for additional information.
Allergy and Idiosyncratic Reactions
Metabolism/Transport Effects
Substrate of CYP3A4 (minor); Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential
Drug Interactions Open Interactions
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May increase the serum concentration of Budesonide (Nasal). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Desmopressin: Corticosteroids (Nasal) may enhance the hyponatremic effect of Desmopressin. Risk X: Avoid combination
Esketamine: Corticosteroids (Nasal) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Esketamine. Management: Patients who require a nasal corticosteroid on an esketamine dosing day should administer the nasal corticosteroid at least 1 hour before esketamine. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Monitoring Parameters
Monitor growth in pediatric patients; signs/symptoms of HPA axis suppression/adrenal insufficiency; ocular changes; signs/symptoms of Candida infection (long-term therapy)
Advanced Practitioners Physical Assessment/Monitoring
Monitor growth with long-term use in pediatric patients. Assess for signs and symptoms of HPA axis suppression/adrenal insufficiency. Assess for ocular changes. Assess for signs of nasal ulceration or septal perforation. Assess for sign and symptoms of Candida infection with long-term use.
Nursing Physical Assessment/Monitoring
Instruct patient on proper administration. Educate patient regarding risk for developing nasal ulcerations, epistaxis, or discomfort.
Dosage Forms Considerations
Rhinocort Aqua: 8.6 g bottles contain 120 sprays.
Rhinocort Allergy: 5 mL bottles contain 60 sprays, 8.43 mL bottles contain 120 sprays
Dosage Forms: US
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Suspension, Nasal:
Rhinocort Allergy: 32 mcg/actuation (5 mL [DSC], 8.43 mL) [contains disodium edta, polysorbate 80]
Rhinocort Aqua: 32 mcg/actuation (8.6 g [DSC]) [contains disodium edta, polysorbate 80]
Generic: 32 mcg/actuation (8.6 g [DSC], 8.43 mL)
Dosage Forms: Canada
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Inhaler, Nasal:
Rhinocort Turbuhaler: 100 mcg/dose ([DSC])
Generic: 100 mcg/dose (10 mL)
Suspension, Nasal:
Rhinocort Aqua: 64 mcg/actuation (10 mL) [contains edetate disodium, polysorbate 80]
Generic: 64 mcg/actuation (10 mL)
Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification
- R01AD05
Generic Available (US)
Yes
Pricing: US
Suspension (Budesonide Nasal)
32 mcg/ACT (per mL): $2.04 - $3.21
Suspension (Rhinocort Allergy Nasal)
32 mcg/ACT (per mL): $2.27
Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.
Mechanism of Action
Controls the rate of protein synthesis; depresses the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fibroblasts; reverses capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization at the cellular level to prevent or control inflammation. Has potent glucocorticoid activity and weak mineralocorticoid activity.
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Onset of action: Rhinocort Aqua: Within 10 hours
Peak effect: Up to 2 weeks
Distribution: ~2 to 3 L/kg
Protein binding: 85% to 90%
Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP3A4 to two metabolites: 16 alpha-hydroxyprednisolone and 6 beta-hydroxybudesonide; both are <1% as active as parent
Bioavailability: Rhinocort Aqua: ~34%; Rhinocort Turbuhaler [Canadian product]: 22%; Oral: ~10% (limited by high first-pass effect)
Half-life elimination: 2 to 3 hours
Time to peak, plasma: Nasal: 30 minutes
Excretion: Urine (~66%) and feces as metabolites
Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions
No information available to require special precautions
Effects on Dental Treatment
No significant effects or complications reported
Effects on Bleeding
No information available to require special precautions
Pharmacotherapy Pearls
Effects of intranasal steroids on growth have been observed in the absence of laboratory evidence of HPA axis suppression, suggesting that growth velocity is a more sensitive indicator of systemic corticosteroid exposure in pediatric patients than some commonly used tests of HPA axis function. The long-term effects of this reduction in growth velocity associated with intranasal corticosteroids, including the impact on final adult height, are unknown. The potential for “catch up” growth following discontinuation of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids has not been adequately studied.
When used short term as adjunctive therapy in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), intranasal steroids show modest symptomatic improvement and few adverse effects, primarily due to increased sinus drainage. Use should be considered optional in ABRS; however, intranasal corticosteroids should be prescribed to ABRS patients who have a history of or concurrent allergic rhinitis.
Index Terms
Rhinocort Allergy OTC
FDA Approval Date
October 01, 1999
References
Alhussien AH, Alhedaithy RA, Alsaleh SA. Safety of intranasal corticosteroid sprays during pregnancy: an updated review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;275(2):325-333. doi:10.1007/s00405-017-4785-3[PubMed 29164323]
Children's Rhinocort Allergy Spray (budesonide) [prescribing information]. Fort Washington, PA: McNeil Consumer Healthcare; October 2016.
Chow AW, Benninger MS, Brook I, et al, “IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adults,” Clin Infect Dis, 2012, 54(8):e72-112.[PubMed 22438350]
Dehlink E, Tan HL. Update on paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(2):224-235.[PubMed 26904263]
Gudnadottir G, Ellegård E, Hellgren J. Intranasal budesonide and quality of life in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: a randomized controlled trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;158(4):752-759.[PubMed 29161199]
Kaditis AG, Alonso Alvarez ML, Boudewyns A, et al. Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in 2- to 18-year-old children: diagnosis and management. Eur Respir J. 2016;47(1):69-94.[PubMed 26541535]
Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D. Intranasal budesonide treatment for children with mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):e149-155.[PubMed 18595959]
Marcus CL, Brooks LJ, Draper KA, et al, "Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome," Pediatrics, 2012, 130(3):576-84.[PubMed 22926173]
Middleton PG, Gade EJ, Aguilera C, et al. ERS/TSANZ Task Force statement on the management of reproduction and pregnancy in women with airways diseases. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(2):1901208. doi:10.1183/13993003.01208-2019[PubMed 31699837]
Mylan-Budesonide AQ (budesonide) [product monograph]. Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada: Mylan Pharmaceuticals ULC; May 2018.
Rhinocort Allergy Spray (budesonide) [prescribing information]. Fort Washington, PA: McNeil Consumer Healthcare; 2015.
Rhinocort Allergy Spray (budesonide) [prescribing information]. Fort Washington, PA: McNeil Consumer Healthcare; October 2016.
Rhinocort Aqua (budesonide) [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca LP; December 2010.
Rhinocort Aqua (budesonide) [prescribing information]. Wilmington, DE: AstraZeneca LP; June 2016.
Rhinocort Aqua (budesonide) [product monograph]. Markham, Canada: McNeil Consumer Healthcare; August 2019.
Rhinocort Turbuhaler (budesonide) [product monograph]. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada: AstraZeneca Canada Inc; June 2018.
Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(2 suppl):S1-S39. doi: 10.1177/0194599815572097.
Scadding GK, Kariyawasam HH, Scadding G, et al. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017; First edition 2007). Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47(7):856-889. doi:10.1111/cea.12953[PubMed 30239057]
Brand Names: International
Allercort (TW); Besonin Aqua (HK, MY, TH); Budamax (AU); Budecort Nasal (PH); Budeflam (ZA); Budemate (MY); Budena (ES, HK); Budenase (MY); Budenase AQ (HK); Budenide (BD); Budeson Aqua (TW); Butacort (NZ); Eltair (MT, NZ, SG); Esonide (QA, SG); Nasoride (PH); Nastizol Hidrospray (PY); Pulmicort Nasal (KR, PL, TW); Rhinocort (AE, AU, BB, BE, BH, BM, BS, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CY, DK, DO, EE, EG, ES, FI, FR, GB, GT, HK, HN, HR, HU, ID, IE, IN, IS, IT, JM, KW, LK, LU, LV, MT, NI, NL, NO, NZ, PA, PE, PL, PR, QA, RO, SA, SE, SK, SV, TH, TR, TT, VE); Rhinocort Aqua (VN); Rhinocort Hayfever (AU); Tafen (UA); Timat (CO)
Last Updated 9/17/20
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