The Measure CARE Model works so communities can create solutions based on their unique needs and goals. We Can Now used the Measure CARE model to measure their food distribution efforts in Central Texas. Together we can build a more equitable world one community at a time.

In mathematics, the concept of a measure is a generalization and formalization of geometrical measures (length, area, volume) and other common notions, such as magnitude, mass, and probability of events. These seemingly distinct concepts have many similarities and can often be treated together in a single mathematical context. Measures are foundational in probability theory, integration theory, and can be generalized to assume negative values, as with electrical charge. Far-reaching generalizations (such as spectral measures and projection-valued measures) of measure are widely used in quantum physics and physics in general.


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The intuition behind this concept dates back to ancient Greece, when Archimedes tried to calculate the area of a circle. But it was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that measure theory became a branch of mathematics. The foundations of modern measure theory were laid in the works of mile Borel, Henri Lebesgue, Nikolai Luzin, Johann Radon, Constantin Carathodory, and Maurice Frchet, among others.

For measure spaces that are also topological spaces various compatibility conditions can be placed for the measure and the topology. Most measures met in practice in analysis (and in many cases also in probability theory) are Radon measures. Radon measures have an alternative definition in terms of linear functionals on the locally convex topological vector space of continuous functions with compact support. This approach is taken by Bourbaki (2004) and a number of other sources. For more details, see the article on Radon measures.

In physics an example of a measure is spatial distribution of mass (see for example, gravity potential), or another non-negative extensive property, conserved (see conservation law for a list of these) or not. Negative values lead to signed measures, see "generalizations" below.

A measurable set X {\displaystyle X} is called a null set if  ( X ) = 0. {\displaystyle \mu (X)=0.} A subset of a null set is called a negligible set. A negligible set need not be measurable, but every measurable negligible set is automatically a null set. A measure is called complete if every negligible set is measurable.

A measure can be extended to a complete one by considering the -algebra of subsets Y {\displaystyle Y} which differ by a negligible set from a measurable set X , {\displaystyle X,} that is, such that the symmetric difference of X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} is contained in a null set. One defines  ( Y ) {\displaystyle \mu (Y)} to equal  ( X ) . {\displaystyle \mu (X).}

For example, the real numbers with the standard Lebesgue measure are -finite but not finite. Consider the closed intervals [ k , k + 1 ] {\displaystyle [k,k+1]} for all integers k ; {\displaystyle k;} there are countably many such intervals, each has measure 1, and their union is the entire real line. Alternatively, consider the real numbers with the counting measure, which assigns to each finite set of reals the number of points in the set. This measure space is not -finite, because every set with finite measure contains only finitely many points, and it would take uncountably many such sets to cover the entire real line. The -finite measure spaces have some very convenient properties; -finiteness can be compared in this respect to the Lindelf property of topological spaces.[original research?] They can be also thought of as a vague generalization of the idea that a measure space may have 'uncountable measure'.

Semifinite measures generalize sigma-finite measures, in such a way that some big theorems of measure theory that hold for sigma-finite but not arbitrary measures can be extended with little modification to hold for semifinite measures. (To-do: add examples of such theorems; cf. the talk page.)

The zero measure is sigma-finite and thus semifinite. In addition, the zero measure is clearly less than or equal to  . {\displaystyle \mu .} It can be shown there is a greatest measure with these two properties:

We say the semifinite part of  {\displaystyle \mu } to mean the semifinite measure  sf {\displaystyle \mu _{\text{sf}}} defined in the above theorem. We give some nice, explicit formulas, which some authors may take as definition, for the semifinite part:

For certain purposes, it is useful to have a "measure" whose values are not restricted to the non-negative reals or infinity. For instance, a countably additive set function with values in the (signed) real numbers is called a signed measure, while such a function with values in the complex numbers is called a complex measure. Observe, however, that complex measure is necessarily of finite variation, hence complex measures include finite signed measures but not, for example, the Lebesgue measure.

Measures that take values in Banach spaces have been studied extensively.[19] A measure that takes values in the set of self-adjoint projections on a Hilbert space is called a projection-valued measure; these are used in functional analysis for the spectral theorem. When it is necessary to distinguish the usual measures which take non-negative values from generalizations, the term positive measure is used. Positive measures are closed under conical combination but not general linear combination, while signed measures are the linear closure of positive measures.

A charge is a generalization in both directions: it is a finitely additive, signed measure.[20] (Cf. ba space for information about bounded charges, where we say a charge is bounded to mean its range its a bounded subset of R.)

The graphic depicts a high-level view of the major tasks involved in developing measures, from initial measure conceptualization through measure implementation and maintenance. Note the circular design of the graphic with multiple bidirectional arrows. Measure developers can adjust the sequence or carry out steps concurrently and iteratively. Measure developers conduct feasibility evaluation, information gathering, and interested party engagement on an ongoing basis throughout the Measure Lifecycle. CMS and other interested parties are working to shorten the measure timeline for more rapid development and implementation of new measures.

There are five stages in the Measure Lifecycle: conceptualization; specification; testing; implementation; and use, continuing evaluation, and maintenance. Measure developers start with measure conceptualization, however, the stages are not necessarily sequential, but instead are iterative, and can occur concurrently.

Baking is a chemistry, and it probably comes as no shock to you that the way you measure your ingredients is critical to the success or failure of your recipe. Just about every recipe on my site uses more flour than just about any other ingredient (except maybe sugar) and knowing how to measure flour properly is critical.

In the photo below I did not stir my flour and I just dipped the measuring cup into the container and then leveled it off. You can see I ended up with much more flour (21 grams more!) than when measured appropriately. If I were to measure my flour like this for a recipe that called for 3 cups of flour I would inadvertently end up using a full  cup more flour than the recipe calls for! 

Dear Sam: I have ordered a kitchen scale and have been searching for measurements in grams for the most common products and see a difference in each. Can you please provide us with measurements in grams for a cup of these standard products?

AP Flour, Cake flour, gran. sugar, powdered sugar, cocoa powder, quick oats? Is it necessary to weigh butter, or can you trust the measurements on the sticks?

A string naming a PerformanceMark in the performance timeline. The PerformanceEntry.startTime property of this mark will be used for calculating the measure. If you want to pass this argument, you must also pass either startMark or an empty measureOptions object.

Given two of your own markers "login-started" and "login-finished", you can create a measurement called "login-duration" as shown in the following example. The returned PerformanceMeasure object will then provide a duration property to tell you the elapsed time between the two markers.

\n A string naming a PerformanceMark in the performance timeline. The PerformanceEntry.startTime property of this mark will be used for calculating the measure.\n If you want to pass this argument, you must also pass either startMark or an empty measureOptions object.\n

Given two of your own markers \"login-started\" and \"login-finished\", you can create a measurement called \"login-duration\" as shown in the following example. The returned PerformanceMeasure object will then provide a duration property to tell you the elapsed time between the two markers.

Measure I is the half-cent sales tax collected throughout San Bernardino County for transportation improvements. San Bernardino County voters first approved the measure in 1989 and in 2004 overwhelmingly approved the extension through 2040.

SBCTA administers Measure I revenue and is responsible for ensuring that funds are used in accordance with various plans and policies. Measure I funds are allocated based on the Measure I 2010-2040 Ordinance and Expenditure Plan and the Strategic Plan policies that define the framework for the programs and projects referenced in the measure. The 10-Year Delivery Plan outlines the near-term strategy.

The Measure RR Bond Oversight Committee publishes an annual report that outlines the infrastructure rebuilding projects supported by the voter-approved bond measure. You can read the RR Annual Reports here: 17dc91bb1f

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