From Sintering to HIP: Advanced Pathways to Full Density PM. Achieving full density in powder metallurgy can be approached through different advanced consolidation strategies. This talk will focus on sintering to closed porosity followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) as an effective route to eliminate residual porosity, as well as on nanotechnology-enhanced sintering based on carefully tuned powder mixtures that promote densification. In addition, alternative powder forming methods beyond the classical press-and-sinter route will be discussed, highlighting how these approaches can be used to tailor powder characteristics and green compacts in order to optimize subsequent sintering and consolidation steps