Direct - Indirect Speech

નીચે મુજબ ના સમય સૂચક શબ્દો હોય તો તેમાં નીચે મુજબ ના ફેરફાર થાય છે .

This - that

these - those

here - there

today - that day

tomorrow - the next day

yesterday - the previous day / the day before

next week - the following week

last week - the previous week

to night - that night

ago - before

now - then

come -go

thus - so

નોંધ : આવવાના અર્થમાં come વપરાય તો તેનું go નથી થતું 

ઉલ્ટા ફેરફાર પણ નથી થતાં જેમ કે that નું this  નથી થતું. 

Reported verb જ્યારે ભૂતકાળ હોય એટલે કે said / said to હોય તો કાળમાં નીચે મુજબ ના ફેરફાર થાય. 

જ્યાં વર્તમાન કાળ હોય તે ભૂતકાળ બને છે એટલે કે ...

સાદો વર્તમાન - સાદો ભૂતકાળ

ચાલુ વર્તમાન - ચાલુ ભૂતકાળ

પુર્ણા વર્તમાન - પુર્ણ ભૂતકાળ

જ્યારે વાક્યમાં સનાતન સત્ય , ગણિત વિજ્ઞાન વગેરેના નિયમો હોય તો કાળ માં ફેરફાર થતાં નથી. 

• સાદો વર્તમાન - સાદો ભૂતકાળ બને છે. એટલે કે ક્રિયાપદ નું મુળરૂપ એ ભૂતકાળ નું રૂપ બને છે.

Raj said " Tarang plays cricket"

Raj said that Tarang played cricket.

Trupti said to Rahul " you eat my chocolate"

Trupti told Rahul that he ate her chocolate.

Exercise 

1 Teacher said " you write homework"

2 Shreya said " I read newspaper daily"

3 Umang said " I play cricket with my friends"

4 Seema said " I study Business Management"

5 Rajdeep said " I do not go school late."

6 Tarun said "I do not work for Restaurant"

7 Jalak said "my mom does not cook rise daily"

8 Bhumi said to Nikita "i read your book"

9 Umang said to Nikhil "you do not come on time to my office"

10 Teacher said to students "sun rises in the east"

• ચાલુ વર્તમાન - ચાલુ ભૂતકાળ બને છે. એટલે કે is/am/are નું  was/were થાય.

Mukesh sir said "students are playing in the garden."

Mukesh sir said that students were playing in the garden.

Arvind sir said to B.S.Sir "students are not reading"

Arvind sir told B.S.Sir that students were not reading.

1 Naman said " I am writing my homework."

2 Darshini said "It is raining heavily outside"

3 Rajvi said " my mom is bringing a new dress for me"

4 Teacher said to Sanjana " you are writing wrong answer"

5 Seema said to Nilay " you are disturbing me"

6 Dhabu said to Bablu "you are eating my chocolate"

7 Birbal said to Akbar " you are not making right decision"

8 Chaman said to Raman " you are not reading correctly"

• પુર્ણ વર્તમાન - પુર્ણ ભૂતકાળ બને છે. have / has નું had થાય .

Chaman said " i have bought a new kite yesterday."

Chaman said that he had bought a new kite the previous day.

Teacher said to Sandip " You have not written correct answer."

Teacher told Sandip that he had not written correct answer.

1 Chirag said " I have finished my homework"

2 Komal said " i have bought a new car yesterday"

3 Teacher said to Keyur " you have not written right answer."

4 Yesha said to Trisha "you have finished up my homework now"

5 Tarun said to Reema " You have spent more than enough money"

6 Sandip said to Prerana " I have been at your home"

7 Bhairavi said to Krupa " you have purchased great book for me"

8 Nurse said to Doctor " the patient has taken his medicine"

ચાલુ ભૂતકાળ નું ચાલુ પુર્ણ ભૂતકાળ થાય. (was/were નું had been થાય)

Tamanna said "we were celebrating Gauri vrat."

Tamanna said that they had been celebrating Gauri vrat.

Students said to teacher " we were playing cricket"

Students told teacher that they had been playing cricket.

1 Rupesh said " I was getting late."

2 Dhabu said " I was not copying"

3 Rekha said to Ankesh " you were not helping me for my homework"

4 Raj said to Tarang " You were not taking enough care of your vehicle"

5 Nisha said to Pragnesh " I was not going to your home yesterday."

6 Komal said to Nayan " you were not speaking right essay."

7 Vandana said to Nilesh " I was trying my best to develop your company"

8 Trupti said to Neel "I was waiting for you yesterday."

સાદા  ભૂતકાળ નું પુર્ણ ભૂતકાળ થાય. (ભૂતકાળનું રૂપ (V2) નું had + V3 થાય)

Sissel said " I sang very nice song yesterday"

Sissel said that she had sung very nice song yesterday.

Selena Gomez said to Tylor Swift " I saw you yesterday in your car"

Selena Gomez told Tylor Swift that she has seen her the previous day in her car.

1 Employee said to the Boss " I worked hard for your company"

2 Namrata said to tailor "you sewed so nice dress"

3 Sonal said to the teacher " Jalpa spoiled my Mahendi"

4 Kirti said to Gaurang "I didn't go to my school yesterday"

5 Jayshree said to Rahul " I didn't celebrate my birthday last time"

6 Teacher said to students " you played well"

સહાયકારક ક્રિયાપદ માં નીચે મુજબ ના ફેરફાર થાય

shall/will - would

can - could

may - might

would / could  / might હોય તો તેમાં કોઈ ફેરફાર થતો નથી. 

Roshan said " I shall go to school tomorrow"

Roshan said that he would go to school the next day.

Trupti said to Krupa " I will return you your book this sunday."

Trupti told Krupa that she would return her her book that sunday.

1 Diya said " I will start a new business next year."

2 Dhaval said to Deepak " I will make a profitable deal tomorrow"

3 Mayank said to Charmy " I can make a website"

4 Jesus Christ said to all human " I can forgive you, if you forgive others"

5 Roshni said to class " I can speak English very well"

6 Smit said to Radhe " I may go back to home for lunch in my recess time"

7 Boss said to the employees " you may post your suggestions freely"

8 Vaishali said to Neel " I might win the match

પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય

પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બે પ્રકાર ના હોય છે. 

1) સહાયકરક ક્રિયાપદ થી બંને છે.

2) પ્રશ્નાર્થ સૂચક શબ્દથી 

1) સહાયકરક ક્રિયાપદ થી બંને છે.

આ પ્રકાર ના પ્રશ્નો બનાવવા માટે સહાયકરક ક્રિયાપદ ને subjectની આગળ લાવીએ છે. આવા પ્રકાર ના પ્રશ્નોના જવાબ હા કે ના માં આવે છે.

સહાયકરક ક્રિયાપદ એટલે કે is, am, are, was,were, shall, will, have, has, had, do, does, did, should, would, may, might, must, can, could વગેરે થી પ્રશ્ન બન્યો હોય ત્યારે આપણે વાક્ય ને if અથવા તો  whether થી જોઇન કરીએ છીએ. પ્રશ્ન વાક્ય ને સાદું વાક્ય બનાવી દેવાનું છે એટલે આપણે પ્રશ્ન ચિન્હ પણ નીકાળી દઇશું. અને સદા વાક્ય માં જે ફેરફાર થતાં હતા તે જ પ્રમાણે આપણે આમાં પણ ફેરફાર કરવાના છે. પ્રશ્ન હોય તો said to  ને બદલે asked મુકાય છે. 

Montu said to Chandani " will you give me your bicycle for one hour?

Montu asked Chandani if she would give him her bicycle for one hour.

Rajdeep said to Binika "will you come tomorrow?"

Rajdeep asked Binika if she would come the next day.

2) પ્રશ્નાર્થ સૂચક શબ્દથી બનતા પ્રશ્નો બનાવવા માટે યોગ્ય પ્રશ્નાર્થ સૂચક શબ્દ આપણે આગળ મૂકીને સહાયકારક ક્રિયાપદ ની મદદ થી પ્રશ્નો બનાવીએ છે. (આની સમજણ નો વિડિયો અમે જલ્દી જ અહી પોસ્ટ કરશું)

આવા પ્રકાર ના પ્રશ્નો ના એક ચોક્કસ જવાબ હોય છે. જેમ કે ક્યાં જાય છે ...તો ઘરે જાઉં છુ. વગેરે વગેરે. 

પ્રશ્નાર્થ સૂચક શબ્દો જેવા કે what, where, who, why, whose, when, whom, which, how much, how many and How... વગેરે થી બન્યા હોય ત્યારે વાક્ય કોઈ જ સંયોજક થી જોઇન થતું નથી, પણ આ પ્રશ્ન સૂચક શબ્દ પોતે જ સયોજક બની જાય છે , હવે આપણે તેને સંયોજક ગણી લઈએ તો તેના પછી નું વાક્ય જોઈશું તો ખબર પડશે કે વાક્ય સહાયકરક ક્રિયાપદ થી પ્રશ્ન બન્યા હતા તેવું જ છે.  એટલે હવે તેને પણ એ જ રીતે બનાવવાનું. એટલે કે વાક્ય સાદું બને છે એટલે પ્રશ્નાર્થ ચિન્હ પણ નીકળી જાય છે. 

Teacher said to Sneha " where is your book?"

Teacher asked Sneha where her book was.

Teacher said to Nilay " why did you go back to home?"

Teacher said to Nilay why he had gone back to home.

પ્રશ્ન અને જવાબ :

Speech માં જ્યારે પ્રશ્નનો જવાબ લખીએ ત્યારે said to ને બદલે answered અથવા replied મુકાય છે.  answer અને reply આ બે શબ્દમાં ફરક છે ,answer એ પ્રશ્નનો હોય , જ્યારે reply એ વાત નો પણ હોય શકે છે. જેમ કે તમે મને કહો "hello" તો તેની સામે હું પણ તમને કહું "hello" તો તે reply કહેવાય answer નહીં. 

direct speech માં answer ટૂંક માં આપ્યો હોય તો આપણે પૂરા વાક્ય માં answer લખવો. જો answer હકાર હોય તો answered positively અને answer નકાર હોય તો answered negatively લખવું, આનો મતલબ એમ થાય છે કે answered positively લખો છો એટલે જવાબ માં લખેલ yes આવી જાય છે એટલે હવે yes લખવાની જરૂર નથી. તેવી જ રીતે answered negatively લખીએ છીએ તેનો મતલબ એમ થાય છે કે speech માં આપેલ 'no' આવી જાય છે એટલે હવે તે લખાવની જરૂર નથી. 

1 Nehal said to Umang " are you going to school today?"

Umang said to Nehal "Yes, I am."

Answer : Nehal asked Umang if he was going to school that day. Umang answered Nehal positively that he was going to school that day.

2 Sanjana said to Laxita "will you please lend me your cycle for one day?

Laxita said to Sanjana "Yes."

Sanjana asked Laxita if she would lend her her cycle for one day. Laxita answered Sanjana positively that she would lend her her cycle for one day.

3  Sahil said to Jhanvi "where is my cycle?"

Jhanvi said to Sahil "it is there in the parking"

Sahil asked Jhanvi where his cycle was. Jhanvi answered Sahil that it was there in the parking.

Exercise :

1. "can any one bring a chair for me?" teacher said to student.

2. "do you like my new bike?" my friend said to me.

3. Hiral Madam said "students, we shall visit IIM this monday."

4. "will you please give me a cup of tea" a guest said to the servant.

5. "Can I please use your mobile for one minute?" kevin said to Elina.

Conversation

1. Teacher : "where is your homework?"

Student"i have not done homework."

Teacher "why have you not done your homework?"

Student"i was ill so i was unable to write my homework.

2 Lalita :"you are having so beautiful dress. Where have you bought it from?"

Pranjali"i have bought it from my uncle's shop."

Lalita"How much did you pay it for?"

Pranjali " 5000"

3 Teacher said "what would you like to be?"

Niharika"I want to be an IAS officer."

Teacher "why do you want to be IAS officer?

Niharika " I want to be IAS Officer to serve the people and my coutry."

4 Mr.Makwana "What are your hobbies?

Madhvi "reading, singing and doing business?"

Mr.Makwana"what do you read?"

Madhvi"I read articles about business and marketing."

Mr.Makwana"why do you read about business and mareting?"

Madhvi" because I want to start my own business."

Mr.Makwana"why have you come here for interview then?"

Madhvi"I want to get some knowledge about market before I start my business.

5

"Let's visit the science exhibition", said Raj.

“What a good suggestion! We'll surely go", said Purvi.

“How will we go there?” said Raj.

“By car only.”

6

. “What’s the matter, Sunil?” said Sakshi

“I’ve got a headache.” said Sunil.

“Please go into your room and take rest.” said Sakshi.

“Thank you for your suggestion.” said Sunil.

7

 “What will you teach us, Sir?” said Priya.

“Today I will teach you ‘Indirect Speech’.” said the teacher.

“What an easy topic it is!” said Priya.

“Be ready for practice.” said the teacher.

8

. “What a wonderful movie it is!” said Jalpa.

“Are you talking about ‘Forensic’?” said Nisha.

“Yes. I have seen it three times.”

“Please come with me also.”

9

 Darshana: Look at those bangles in the shop.

Rima : I bought it online.

Darshana: How much did you pay for it?

Rima: Only one thousand rupees.''