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TENSE
The tense of a verb shows time when an action takes place. Broadly, there are three types of tense that show the time of an action.
Present tense: Refers to actions that are happening right now.
Past tense: Refers to actions that have already happened.
Future tense: Refers to actions that are yet to happen.
PRESENT TENSE:
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (PRESENT INDEFINITE)
It is used to express
- An action taking place at the present moment.
- Habitual actions
- To express general, universal, historical or scientific facts and truths.
Affirmative:
Subject + V1 s/es
Example:
Sun rises in the east
I go to school / He goes to school
Birds fly in the sky
Negative:
Subject + do/does not + V1
Example:
Sun does not rise in the east
I do not go to school
Birds do not fly in the sky
Interrogative:
Do/ Does + Subject + V1
Example:
Do I go to school? (Does he go to school?)
Do birds fly in the sky?
Does Sun rise in the east?
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
This tense is used
- to express an action going on at the time of speaking
- to express an action in progress, but not necessarily at the time of speaking
- to express an action, likely to happen in near future
Structure of present continuous tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing
Example:
Sun is rising in the east
I am going to school
Birds are flying in the sky
Negative:
Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing
Example:
Sun is not rising in the east
I am not going to school
Birds are not flying in the sky
Interrogative:
Is/am/are + not + Subject + V1 + ing
Example:
Am I going to school?
Are birds flying in the sky?
Is Sun rising in the east?
3. PRESENT PERFECT
Present perfect tense is used:
- to express an action which has just been completed to describe an action, the time of which is not mentioned.
- to express an action that began in the past and is continued up to the present.
Structure of Present perfect tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + has/have + V3
Example:
I have eaten / I have gone to Chatua School
He has eaten / He has gone to puri
Negative:
Subject + has/have + not + V3
Example:
I have not eaten / I have not gone to Chatua School
He has not eaten / He has not gone to Puri
Interrogative:
Has/have + Subject + V3
Example:
Have I not eaten? / Have I not gone to Chatua School?
Has he not eaten? / Has he not gone to Puri?
4. PRESENT PERFECT
Present perfect continuous tense is used:
- to express an action that began in the past, and is still continued at the present moment
- to describe an action that has just finished but whose effect continued till the present moment.
Structure of Present perfect continuous tense are:
Affirmative:
Subject + has/have + been + V1 + ing
Example:
I have been eating / I have been going to Chatua School
He has been eating / He has been going to Puri
Negative:
Subject + has/have + not + been + V1 + ing
Example:
I have not been eating / I have not been going to Chatua School
He has not been eating / He has not been going to Puri
Interrogative:
Has/have + Subject + been + V1 + ing
Example:
Have I been eating? / Have I been going to Chatua School?
Has he been eating? / Has he been going to Puri?
SELF TEST – 1
Fill in the blanks with the present form of the verb to complete the sentence.
1. She ___ in Mumbai.
a. live
b. lives
c. lived
d. living
2. Water ____ from the running tap.
a. is flowing
b. is flows
c. flowing
d. is flow
3. My father ____ from Chennai recently.
a. returned
b. is returned
c. has returning
d. has returned
4. I ____ for the train since morning.
a. am waited
b. have been waiting
c. have waited
d. waits
5. The sun ____ in the west.
a. setting
b. sets
c. set
d. is set
PAST TENSE
1. PAST SIMPLE
Simple past tense is used:
- to express an action completed in the definite past
- to express an action or habitual action in the past
- to express an action which continued for some period of time in the past
Structure of Simple past tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + V2
Example:
I went to school / He went to school
He studied English
Negative:
Subject + did not + V1
Example:
I did not go to school / He did not go to school.
Birds did not fly in the sky
Interrogative:
Did + Subject + V1
Example:
Did I go to school? (Did he go to school?)
Did birds fly in the sky?
2. PAST CONTINUOUS (PAST PROGRESSIVE)
Past continuous tense is used:
- to describe an action going on at some point of time in the past
- to describe two or more actions happening simultaneously in the past
Structure of Past continuous tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + was/were + V1 + ing
Example:
I was going to school / He was going to school / They were going to school
He was studying English.
Negative:
Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing
Example:
I was not going to school / He was not going to school / They were not going to school
He was not studying English.
Interrogative:
Was/were + Subject + V1 + ing
Example:
Was I going to School? / Were they going to School?
3. PAST PERFECT
Past perfect tense is used:
- to express an action which is completed before another action took place in the past
- to describe an action finished before a certain point of time in the past
Structure of Past perfect tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + had + V3
Example:
I had gone to school / He had gone to school / They had gone to school
He had studied English.
Negative:
Subject + had + not + V3
Example:
I had not gone to school / He had not gone to school / They had not gone to school
He had not studied English.
Interrogative:
Had + Subject + V3
Example:
Had I gone to school? / Had they gone to school? / Had he finished the work?
4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Past perfect continuous tense is used:
- to describe an action that began before a certain point of time in the past and is continued upto that moment.
- To describe an action that had been going on for sometime, when some other action took place in the past.
Structure of Past perfect continuous tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + had + been + V1 + ing
Example:
I had been going to school / He had been going to school / They had been going to school
He had been studying English.
Negative:
Subject + had + not + been + V1 + ing
Example:
I had not been going to school / He had not been going to school / They had not been going to school / He had not been studying English.
Interrogative:
Had + Subject + been + V1 + ing
Example:
Had I been going to school? / Had they been going to school? / Had he been finishing the work?
SELF TEST – 2
Fill in the blanks with the past form of the verb to complete the sentence.
1. The birds ____ towards the sea and dived into the water.
a. has flown
b. had flown
c. is flown
d. flew
2. The ship ____ yesterday.
a. sails
b. sailing
c. is sailed
d. sailed
3. They ___ in Rajasthan last month.
a. was
b. were
c. both (a) and (b)
d. none of these
4. We ___ at Grand Hotel when we went to Mohali.
a. stays
b. stayed
c. had staying
d. had stay
5. I ____ already ____ that movie.
a. had, watched
b. had, watching
c. has, watched
d. has, watching
FUTUE TENSE:
1. FUTURE SIMPLE
Simple future tense is used:
- to express actions likely to happen in future
Structure of simple future tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + will/shall + V1
Example:
I will go to school / He will go to school / They will go to school
Kavya will go to school. / We shall go to Cinema.
Negative:
Subject + will/shall + not + V1
Example:
I will not go to school / He will not to school / They will not go to school
Kavya will not go to school. / We shall not go to Cinema.
Interrogative:
Will/Shall + Subject + V1
Example:
Will I go to school? / Will he go to School? / Will they go to School? / Shall we go to Cinema?
2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Future continuous tense is used:
- to describe an action that will be in progress at a certain point of time in future.
Structure of future continuous tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + will/shall + be + V1 + ing
Example:
I will be going to school / He will be going to school / They will be going to school
Kavya will be going to school. / We shall be going to Cinema.
Negative:
Subject+ will/shall + not + be + V1 + ing
Example:
I will not be going to school / He will not be going to school / They will not be going to school
Kavya will not be going to school. / We shall not be going to Cinema.
Interrogative:
Will/Shall + Subject + be + V1 + ing
Example:
Will I be going to school? / Will he be going to School? / Will they be going to School? / Shall we be going to Cinema?
3. FUTURE PERFECT
Future perfect tense is used:
- to describe an action which is expected to be completed by a certain time in future
- to describe the speaker’s belief or guess about an action.
Structure of future perfect tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + will/shall + have + V3
Example:
I will have gone to school / He will have gone to school / They will have gone to school
Kavya will have gone to school. / We shall have gone to Cinema.
Negative:
Subject+ will/shall + not + have + V3
Example:
I will not have gone to school / He will not have gone to school / They will not have gone to school
Kavya will not have gone to school. / We shall not have gone to Cinema.
Interrogative:
Will/Shall + Subject + have + V3
Example:
Shall we have gone to school? / Will they have gone to School?
4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Future perfect continuous tense is used:
- to express an action that will have been going on at or before some point of time in the future
Structure of future perfect continuous tense:
Affirmative:
Subject + will/shall + have + been V3 + ing
Example:
I will have been going to school / He will have been going to school / They will have been going to school / Kavya will have been going to school. / We shall have been going to Cinema.
Negative:
Subject + will/shall + not + have + been + V3 + ing
Example:
I will not have been going to school / He will not have been going to school / They will not have been going to school / We shall not have been going to Cinema.
Interrogative:
Will/Shall + Subject + have + been + V3 + ing
Example:
Shall we have been going to school? / Will they have been going to play?
SELF TEST – 3
Fill in the blanks with the future form of the verb to complete the sentences.
1. Wait! I _____ you to the station.
a. drive
b. will drive
c. will be drive
d. none of these
2. By next July, we ____ living here for twenty-five years.
a. will be
b. will been
c. will have been
d. will had been
3. He ____ by the time we reach his place.
a. had left
b. will left
c. will have left
d. will had left
4. By 10 pm, tonight, she ____ have _____.
a. will, arrive
b. will be, arrived
c. will, arrived
d. none of these
5. The police ____ arrested the robbers.
a. will have
b. had
c. will be
d. had been
EXERCISE
1. I am reading story book at the moment.
a. Present continuous
b. Future continuous
c. Past continuous
d. Simple present
2. We have eaten fried rice here.
a. Simple present
b. Present perfect
c. Past continuous
d. Past perfect
3. Birds do not fly in the sky.
a. Simple present
b. Present perfect
c. Past continuous
d. Past perfect
4. Gudu’s grandfather died when he was ten years old.
a. Simple past
b. Present simple
c. Past continuous
d. Past perfect
5. She has been waiting for me for two hours.
a. Simple present
b. Present perfect continuous
c. Present perfect
d. Past perfect continuous
6. We are going to Cuttack soon.
a. Present continuous
b. Past continuous
c. Present simple
d. Present perfect
7. The child was sleeping with his mother.
a. Simple continuous
b. Present perfect
c. Past continuous
d. Past perfect
8. I will have finished the work by Tuesday
a. Simple present
b. Present perfect
c. Future perfect
d. Past perfect
9. I will meet you at the office.
a. Simple present
b. Present perfect
c. Past continuous
d. Simple future
10. Sonali will be travelling to Kanyakumari in January.
a. Future perfect
b. Future continuous
c. Future simple
d. Present continuous
11. They ____ making a football ground.
a. are
b. is
c. was
d. has
12. Pintu ____ working in that shop for four years.
a. have been
b. been
c. has been
d. had been
13. We ____ on this project for two months.
a. has been working
b. has been worked
c. have been working
d. have worked
14. The boys ____ in the playground
a. playing
b. are playing
c. is playing
d. have been played
15. It _____ since morning
a. had been raining
b. has rained
c. has been raining
d. is raining
16. I ____ that book before.
a. has read
b. have read
c. read
d. is read
17. Do you ___ guitar?
a. playing
b. played
c. play
d. plays
18. She ___ in Denmark.
a. lives
b. live
c. living
d. have lived
19. Binayaka ____ TV at night.
a. watching
b. watches
c. watch
d. watched
20. Last year, we ____ to Kolkota.
a. travelled
b. travels
c. travelling
d. travel
21. ____ you live in Hyderabad when you were a kid?
a. Do
b. Does
c. Did
d. None of these
22. She ____ there for more than an hour when we finally arrived.
a. had been waits
b. been waits
c. had been waiting
d. walk
23. I sometimes ____ home after office.
a. walking
b. walks
c. walked
d. walk
24. At 10 o’ clock, I _____ eating dinner.
a. were
b. was
c. had
d. none of these
25. He _____ talking continuously in class these days.
a. were
b. had
c. was
d. none of these
26. They ____ studying while I ____ making dinner.
a. was, were
b. were, was
c. had, am
d. none of these
27. I ____ after lunch.
a. will played
b. playing
c. will be play
d. will play
28. We ___ have ____ that movie by this weekend.
a. will, watch
b. will, watching
c. will, watched
d. will be, watched
29. Next year, she ___ working at this company for one year.
a. will be
b. will have
c. will been
d. will have been
30. Bibek ___ the world by the time she turns Thirty two.
a. will be travelling
b. will travelled
c. will have travelled
d. had travelled
31. If he wins the contest, he ____ very happy.
a. will
b. will be
c. will have
d. will have been
32. This time next week, we _____ at Dehradun.
a. will be enjoying
b. will enjoyed
c. will have enjoying
d. enjoying
33. By 9 pm tonight, I _____ finished this work.
a. will be
b. will
c. will
d. will been
Directions (For Q.34 to 45): Complete the following passage with the most suitable form of tense.
The Nile is the longest river in the world. The river, Nile, which (34) its name from a Greek word, is 4,184 miles long. It (35) a good deal of the American continent. The Nile and its tributaries (36) through nine countries. The white Nile (37) through Uganda, Sudan, the Blue Nile (38) in Ethiopia. Tributaries in Zaire, Kenya, Tanzanian (39) into the Nile or into Lake Victoria Nyanes. Major cities on the edge of the Nile (40) Caire, Aswan, Thepes. While these cities may differ markedly from one another, each (41) benefits from the river along which it is (42). Of the four major dams in the Nile, the most will known is the Aswan High Dam. This dam (43) many tourists each year who (44) at the hydro-electric power it generates. The Nile River (45) an average of 300 million cubic metres of each day.
34.
a. getting
b. get
c. gets
d. none of these
35.
a. covered
b. cover
c. covers
d. none of these
36.
a. flow
b. flowed
c. flows
d. is flowed
37.
a. moves
b. move
c. moved
d. moving
38.
a. is started
b. started
c. starts
d. none of these
39.
a. is flow
b. flowing
c. has flows
d. flow
40. s
a. included
b. including
c. include
d. none of these
41. h
a. receive
b. receives
c. has receiving
d. none of these
42.
a. situate
b. situated
c. had situate
d. none of these
43.
a. attract
b. attracted
c. attracts
d. none of these
44.
a. marvel
b. marvelling
c. marvelled
d. none of these
45.
a. discharged
b. discharges
c. have discharged
d. none of these
Directions (For Q.46 to 50): Fill in the blanks with the correct option to complete the sentences.
46. I did not understand the shopkeeper because he _____ in Bengali.
a. speak
b. spoke
c. speaks
d. is speaking
47. He ____ everything about the topic.
a. know
b. known
c. knows
d. is known
48. Two years ago, Ramya ____ English literature in England.
a. study
b. studied
c. studies
d. none of these
49. It _____ all week. I hope it stops by Sunday because I want to go to the seaside.
a. had been rained
b. have been raining
c. has been raining
d. has rained
50. Every Saturday, Sachin _____ his kids to football practice.
a. drive
b. drives
c. drived
d. is driving
ANSWER KEY:
SELF TEST – 1
1 (B)
2 (A)
3 (D)
4 (B)
5 (B)
SELF TEST – 2
1 (D)
2 (D)
3 (B)
4 (B)
5 (A)
SELF TEST – 3
1 (B)
2 (C)
3 (C)
4 (C)
5 (A)
EXERCISE
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (B)
6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (B)
11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (C)
16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (A)
21. (C) 22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (C)
26. (B) 27. (D) 28. (C) 29. (D) 30. (C)
31. (B) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (C) 35. (C)
36. (A) 37. (A) 38. (C) 39. (D) 40. (C)
41. (B) 42. (B) 43. (C) 44. (A) 45. (B)
46. (B) 47. (C) 48. (B) 49. (C) 50. (B)
[Reference: MTG OLYMPIAD Prep - Guide]
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