1) I can ask "What's this?" in Chinese.
2) I can identify and say common objects in the classroom in Chinese.
这 (zhè) this
书 (shū) book
桌子 (zhuōzi) table
包 (bāo) bag
蜡笔 (là bǐ) crayon
铅笔 (qiān bǐ) pencil
椅子(yǐzi) chair
不对(bú duì) incorrect
lǎoshī: Zhè shì shénme? 老师：这是什么？
Teacher: What's this?
Mǐnyǔ: Zhè shì shū. 敏宇：这是书。
Minwoo: It's a book.
lǎoshī: Zhè shì shénme? 老师：这是什么？
Teacher: What's this?
Pítè: Zhè shì zhuōzi. 皮特：这是桌子。
Peter: It is a table.
lǎoshī: Zhè shì shénme? 老师：这是什么？
Teacher: What's this?
Shālì: Zhè shì bāo. 莎莉：这是包。
Sally: It is a bag.
Pítè: Mǐnyǔ, zhè shì shénme? 皮特：敏宇，这是什么？
Peter: Minwoo, what is this?
Mǐnyǔ: Zhè shì làbǐ. 敏宇：这是蜡笔。
Minwoo: It is a crayon.
Mǐnyǔ: Shālì, zhè shì shénme? 敏宇：莎莉，这是什么？
Minwoo: Sally, what is this?
Shālì: Zhè shì qiānbǐ. 莎莉：这是铅笔。
Sally: It's a pencil.
Pítè: Lǎoshī, zhè shì shénme? 皮特：老师，这是什么？
Peter: Mrs. Kelly, what's this?
lǎoshī: Zhè shì yǐzi. 老师：这是椅子。
Teacher: It's a chair.
Pítè: Bú duì, zhè shì Shālì. 皮特：不对，这是莎莉。
Peter: No, it's Sally. (Sally gets mad.)
1) Unlike in English we always put the wh- words (i.e. what, where, when, etc.) at the beginning of a question, we don't reorder the wh- words in Chinese. We follow the same word order in a statement when we ask a question in Chinese.
For example, since "这是书。(zhè shì shū.)" means "This is a book.", the question we ask based on this answer will be "这是什么？zhè shì shénme?", the word-by-word translation of which is "This is what?" As you can see, both sentences keep the same word order, except 书(shū) is replaced with the wh- word 什么（shénme).
2) 不对(bú duì)=incorrect
对(duì)=correct
不(b/bù) not; no
When we comment on someone's answer, we usually say "不对(bú duì)=incorrect " or "对(duì)=correct" for "no" or "yes".
I can describe common class activities (draw, sing and play games) in Chinese.
I can comprehend and say common classroom expressions in Chinese ("It's break time." , "Sit down.", "Please be quiet", "Please clean up the classroom." "Sorry." and "It does't matter.") .
I can give suggestions in Chinese using "...吧(ba)" pattern and ask others politely using "请(qǐng)".
休息 (xiūxi) to rest
时间 (shíjiān) time
到 (dào) to arrive
了(le) (a dynamic particle to indicate a change of status)
我们(wǒmen) we/us
画画 (huà huà) draw a picture
吧 (ba) a particle of suggestion and supposition
唱 (chàng) to sing
歌 (gē) song
玩 (wán) to play
游戏 (yóu xì) game
好的 (hǎo de) OK
坐下 (zuò xià) sit down
请(qǐng) please (Qǐng)
安静 (ānjìng) quiet
整理(zhěnglǐ) to tidy up; to clean up
教室 (jiàoshì) classroom
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) sorry
没关系 (méi guānxi) it doesn't matter; that's all right
lǎoshī: Tóngxuémen, xiūxi shíjiān dào le!
老师：同学们，休息时间到了！
Teacher: Class, it's time to take a break!
Shālì: Wǒmen huà huà ba. 莎莉：我们画画吧。
Sally: Let's draw.
Pítè: Wǒmen chàng gē ba. 皮特：我们唱歌吧。
Peter: Let's sing.
Mǐnyǔ: Wǒmen wán yóuxì ba.敏宇：我们玩游戏吧。
Minwoo: Let's play a game.
Shālì: Hǎo de! 莎莉：好的!
Sally: Okay!
===============================================
Shālì: Zuòxià! 莎莉：坐下！
Sally: Sit down!
lǎoshī: Shālì, qǐng ānjìng! 老师：莎莉，请安静！
Teacher: Sally, please be quiet!
lǎoshī: Tóngxuémen, qǐng zhěnglǐ hǎo jiàoshì!
老师：同学们，请整理好教室！
Teacher: Class, please clean up the classroom!
Mǐnyǔ: Lǎoshī, duìbuqǐ. 敏宇：老师，对不起。
Minwoo: I'm sorry, Ms..
Pítè: Lǎoshī, duìbuqǐ. 皮特：老师，对不起。
Peter: I am sorry, Ms..
lǎoshī: Méi guānxi.
老师：没关系。Teacher: That's okay.
1) Pattern 1: "...时间到了。(shíjiān dào le.) "="It's time to..."
Unlike in English we say "it's time to do something.", we either say "...时间到了 (... shíjiān dào le.) , meaning " the time to do .. has arrived." or "该 ...了。(Gāi ... le.)" , meaning "should do ... now." in Chinese.
The reason is that we simply don't have the pattern "it's time to" in Chinese. In story 2, the teacher says "休息时间到了！(xiūxi shíjiān dào le!), which means "the time to take a break has arrived."
2) Pattern 2: "我们...吧。(Wǒmen ... ba)"= "Let's...."
When we give suggestions, we add 吧 (ba) at the end of the suggestion.
For example:
我们画画吧。Wǒmen huà huà ba. =
Let's draw (a picture).
3) Pattern 3: "请 (qǐng)"= please
"请 (qǐng)" is a polite word to add at the BEGINNING of a request. It cannot be added at the end of a request like in English.
4) Pattern 4:
对不起. (Duìbuqǐ) Sorry.
=>没关系 (Méi guānxi) It doesn't matter; that's all right.
5) Pattern 5: 整理 (zhěnglǐ) +place/thing = to clean up a place or a thing.
When a result is expected, we use 整理好 zhěnglǐ hǎo.
Compare these two sentences:
Please clean up your room.(The speaker expects a clean result after the clean-up.)
=请整理好你的房间。(Qǐng zhěnglǐ hǎo nǐ de fángjiān.)
v.s.
I like cleaning up my room. (It is a description of what I like.)
=我喜欢整理我的房间。(Wǒ xǐhuan zhěnglǐ wǒ de fángjiān.)