1) Different time of the day:
Early morning (5:00-8:59 a.m.): 早上 zǎoshang
morning("before noon" 9:00 a.m.-11:59 a.m.): 上午 shàngwǔ
noon(12:00 p.m.- 12:59 p.m.) 中午 zhōngwǔ
afternoon (1:00 p.m.-5:59 p.m.) 下午 xiàwǔ
evening (6:00 p.m.-12 a.m.) 晚上 wǎnshang
2) Order of different time words: broader time + more specific time.
English: 10 a.m. yesterday
Chinese: 昨天上午十点 (zuótiān shàngwǔ shí diǎn)
literally: yesterday morning 10 o'clock
3) Pattern: Subject +Time phrases + verb + Object. Normally, we refer it as "S T V O" structure.
Unlike English, we never put time phrases at the end of a sentence. Normally we put the time right after the subject (normally it is a person). Sometimes, we can advance the time at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis.
For example: 我早上八点起床。Wǒ zǎoshang bā diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at 8:00 a.m.
昨天我回家了。zuótiān wǒ huíjiā le. Yesterday I went home.
I can ask and answer questions about one's daily routine and its time.
早上(zǎoshang) early morning（5-9 a.m.)
上午(shàngwǔ) morning (9- 12 pm)
中午(zhōngwǔ) noon （12-1 p.m.)
下午(xiàwǔ) afternoon (1-6 p.m.)
晚上 (wǎnshang) evening (6p.m.-12 a.m.)
起床(qǐ chuáng) to get up from bed
吃(chī) to eat
早饭 (zǎofàn) breakfast
午饭(wǔfàn) lunch
晚饭(wǎnfàn) dinner
上学(shàng xué) to attend school
上课(shàng kè) to attend class
放学 (fàng xué) to be released from school; school is over
去(qù) to go
睡觉(shuì jiào) to sleep
1) 几 (jǐ) is used in questions regarding time:
Q: 你几点上课？nǐ jǐ diǎn shàngkè? What time do you go to class?
A: 我八点半上课。Wǒ bā diǎn bàn shàngkè. I go to class at 8:30.
2) 去(qù) to go. It can be followed by a physical place, like the school, 去学校 (qù xuéxiào) to go to school (not necessary attend classes there); or going out to do something, like go to eat, 去吃饭(qù chīfàn).
Sometimes it can be used to tell others to leave.
For example: 去！去！ 去！(qù! qù! qù) Get out of here!
When we say "Let's go!" , we will use (我们)走吧。(Wǒmen) zǒu ba. 走(zǒu ) means to walk.
1) I can describe common daily activities in Chinese.
2) I can ask for permission or give permission to others in Chinese.
可以 (kěyǐ) can, may
看(kàn) to watch; to look; to read
电视(diànshì) television
bàba: Mǐnyǔ, gāi shuìjiào le！
爸爸：敏宇，该睡觉了！
Dad: Minwoo, time for bed!
Mǐnyǔ: Bàba, wǒ kěyǐ wánr ma?
敏宇：爸爸，我可以玩儿吗？
Minwoo: Daddy, can I play?
bàba: Bù kěyǐ.
爸爸：不可以。
Dad: No, you can't.
Mǐnyǔ: Bàba, wǒ kěyǐ kàn diànshì ma?
敏宇：爸爸，我可以看电视吗？
Minwoo: Daddy, can I watch TV?
bàba: Bù kěyǐ. Mǐnyǔ, gāi shuìjiào le!
爸爸：不可以。敏宇，该睡觉了！
Dad: No, you can't. Minwoo, time for bed!
Mǐnyǔ: Nà wǒ kěyǐ kàn shū ma?
敏宇：那我可以看书吗？
Minwoo: Can I read a book then?
bàba: Kěyǐ. Wǒmen yìqǐ kàn shū ba!
爸爸：可以。我们一起看书吧！
Dad: Yes, you can. Let's read a book!
1) Use 可以 to ask for other's permission: 我可以.....吗？(Wǒ kěyǐ ma?) May I ....?
For example:
我可以画画吗？Wǒ kěyǐ huà huà ma? May I draw?
我可以上厕所吗？Wǒ kěyǐ shàng cèsuǒ ma? May I use the restroom?
The answer is 可以 (kěyǐ) for yes or 不可以 (bù kěyǐ) for no.
2) 看 (kàn) is a very common verb in Chinese, which has multiple meanings. It can mean "to look" "to watch" or "to read". Sometimes, it means "to see" in some phrases.
For example:
看电视 (kàn diànshì) Watch TV
看电影 (kàn diànyǐng) See a movie
看医生(kàn yīshēng) See the doctor
看书 (kàn shū) read books
看这里 (kàn zhèlǐ) look over here
3) 那 (nà) means "in that case" or "then". In this story, dad said no to Minwoo's request to play and watch TV, so Minwoo said "in that case, can i read?" as an alternative.
For example:
A: 你喜欢小猫吗？(Nǐ xǐhuan xiǎo māo ma?)
Do you like kittens?
B: 不喜欢。(Bù xǐhuan )
No.
A: 你喜欢小狗吗？(Nǐ xǐhuan xiǎo gǒu ma?)
Do you like puppies?
B:不喜欢。(Bù xǐhuan )
No.
A: 那你喜欢什么动物？(Nà nǐ xǐhuan shénme dòngwù?)
Then what animals do you like?