This chapter talks about energy efficiency, which is a complement to renewables and another tool in the portfolio needed for making the broader electricity ecosystem in India sustainable. A specific link to renewables is the expected (and some say inexorable) transformation the grid will need to manage the variability of renewables, and that will come from more effort on the consumption side. At the ultimate level, dynamic management of demand becomes a Smart Grid. Even before a Smart Grid, efficiency in power consumption is a low-hanging fruit where the first need is aggressive and innovative targets. While targets are one step, they become realized when incentives align, which is where the institutional framework for energy efficiency needs enhancement, also extending far beyond the Center down to the states. In fact, they suggest a network, based on a hub-and-spoke model (with layered institutions in the middle), to cover the dimensions of stakeholders for finance, training, markets, behavioural change, R&D, and policies.
Local Utility Rate is the local electricity rate for the country selected. This rate is based on the selected country's currency. For example, if the user selects Japan, and you will need to put in the values in Yen (). If United States is selected, you will need to put in the rate in USD. We are planning on including a tool tip to explain this to all users.
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To estimate the IT equipment, use-phase emissions, Power Advisor uses the estimated power consumption of each configured device at the specified utilization rate and assumes the devices draw that amount of power 24 hours per day, 365 days per year to arrive at the energy consumed by the device. Then, Power Advisor converts this energy to carbon emissions using either a default electric grid emissions factor from Ember Climate*, or a user-selected grid emissions factor. Finally, Power Advisor estimates the total emissions associated with running the IT devices in a data center (i.e. including facilities infrastructure such as power conversion and cooling equipment) using either the industry-standard default PUE value of 1.55 or the user-selected value.
*Carbon Intensity of Electricity (gCO2/kWh) data is published by Ember. ( -climate.org/data-catalogue/yearly-electricity-data/, -climate.org/insights/research/european-electricity-review-2022/). It is compiled by Our World in Data (OWID) under license CC-BY 4.0.
In the advent of an energy shift towards renewable energy sources, ammonia is considered a promising hydrogen carrier. However, ammonia decomposition requires temperatures higher than 500oC to achieve 100% conversion. Here, we present the facile synthesis and use of nanocluster RuCeO2 catalysts for the low-temperature electric field-assisted ammonia decomposition reaction. The catalysts obtained desirable properties and achieved high conversions for ammonia decomposition under conventional conditions. Interestingly, catalyst activities further increased with an electric field, achieving 100% conversion at 450oC and obtaining significant conversions at remarkably low temperatures. The electric field essentially reduces activation energies, enables stable low-temperature activities, and allows the catalyst to exceed equilibrium conversion values by promoting the recombinative desorption of N2 and H2, thereby alleviating the rate-determining step and preventing deactivation due to H2 poisoning. Thus, by combining electric field effects with a highly active RuCeO2 catalyst, an energy-efficient route toward economical hydrogen production is achieved.
This study evaluated ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 260 nm, 280 nm, and the combination of 260|280 nm together for their efficacy at inactivating Escherichia. coli, MS2 coliphage, human adenovirus type 2 (HAdV2), and Bacillus pumilus spores; research included an evaluation of genomic damage. Inactivation by the LEDs was compared with the efficacy of conventional UV sources, the low-pressure (LP) and medium-pressure (MP) mercury vapor lamps. The work also calculated the electrical energy per order of reduction of the microorganisms by the five UV sources. For E. coli, all five UV sources yielded similar inactivation rates. For MS2 coliphage, the 260 nm LED was most effective. For HAdV2 and B. pumilus, the MP UV lamp was significantly more effective than the LP UV and UVC LED sources. When considering electrical energy per order of reduction, the LP UV lamp was the most efficient for E. coli and MS2, and the MPUV and LPUV were equally efficient for HAdV2 and B. pumilus spores. Among the UVC LEDs, the 280 nm LED unit required the least energy per log reduction of E. coli and HAdV2. The 280 nm and 260|280 nm LED units were equally efficient per log reduction of B. pumilus spores, and the 260 nm LED unit required the lowest energy per order of reduction of MS2 coliphage. The combination of the 260 nm and 280 nm UV LED wavelengths was also evaluated for potential synergistic effects. No dual-wavelength synergy was detected for inactivation of all four microorganisms, nor for DNA/RNA damage.
2 to 160 kVA UPS Three phase input, Single phase output 10 to 300 kVA UPS Three phase input, Three phase output INTRODUCTION Unmatched expertise of DB Power, coupled with interaction with industry leading consultants, has created enviable domain expertise for us in the field of clean and critical power requirement in Industrial segment. This has created many success stories in the UPS industry and landmark achievements in the power electronics field. This expertise has helped DB Power to design SynergyiPRO series UPS, which addresses issues about the clean and critical power requirements in the engineering industry. The SynergyiPRO UPS gives maximum reliability and makes optimum use of available resources, making it the best solution for the mission critical applications. FEATURES Core Competence in Power Electronics State-of-the-art IGBT based design Advanced Rectifier design Total Digital control Input to output galvanic Isolation Robust electrical performance Customisation capability Advanced interface using SNMP/MODBUS User friendly LCD display Battery management features PRO be457b7860
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