¹ The authors are with the GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA {xuanhien, posa}@seas.upenn.edu

Abstract

In contact-rich tasks, the hybrid, multi-modal nature of contact dynamics poses great challenges in model representation, planning, and control. Recent efforts have attempted to address these challenges via data-driven methods, learning dynamical models in combination with model predictive control. Those methods, while effective, rely solely on minimizing forward prediction errors to hope for better task performance with MPC controllers. This weak correlation can result in data inefficiency as well as limitations to overall performance. In response, we propose a novel strategy: using a policy gradient algorithm to find a simplified dynamics model that explicitly maximizes task performance. Specifically, we parameterize the stochastic policy as the perturbed output of the MPC controller, thus, the learned model representation can directly associate with the policy or task performance. We apply the proposed method to contact-rich tasks where a three-fingered robotic hand manipulates previously unknown objects. Our method significantly enhances task success rate by up to 15% in manipulating diverse objects compared to the existing method while sustaining data efficiency. Our method can solve some tasks with success rates of 70% or higher using under 30 minutes of data. 

Method

 Trifinger Moving Cube Task

Transfer Learning

To illustrate the transfer learning capabilities of our LCS-RL framework, we employ the LCS model initially trained on the TriFinger Moving Cube task as the starting point for training on other objects. The figure below shows that our LCS-RL framework is highly suitable for transfer learning. Particularly, we can observe that transfer learning significantly accelerates the training, yielding even higher final task success rates in all objects (except for the sugar box), compared to the training from scratch model.

Sugar Box

Fish Can

Mug

Wrench

Clamp

Banana

Acknowledgment

Toyota Research Institute provided funds to support this work.

Citation

@INPROCEEDINGS{10611461,

  author={Bui, Hien and Posa, Michael},

  booktitle={2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)}, 

  title={Enhancing Task Performance of Learned Simplified Models via Reinforcement Learning}, 

  year={2024},

  volume={},

  number={},

  pages={9212-9219},

  keywords={System dynamics;Heuristic algorithms;Transfer learning;Stochastic processes;Reinforcement learning;Predictive models;Task analysis},

  doi={10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10611461}}