All the computer does is a bit of fancy math for you - so we can have a scientific statistical classifier, based on inferential statistics and signal detection theory. The value of this is that is that it brings us into the realm of science, and gets us beyond the 2nd grade math and simple point total or sorting procedure as a basis for polygraph decisions. Scientific tests must be supported by recognizable statistical models - otherwise we remain vulnerable to accusations that polygraph is somehow not scientific.

The data are stored in a proprietary binary format, and there appears to be no way to export or obtain the raw data without some expensive and and convoluted reverse engineering. The raw data really should be available to polygraph researchers - in ASCII format.


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This is frustrating, because we have an archive of confirmed cases that were collected with the Axciton system. Unfortunately we are not able to make much use of the data, because we can't get to it. We get pictures of the data on the screen, which are of little use to researchers. All polygraph systems should provide data that is suitable for research and the advancement of scientific polygraph testing. Proprietary research is OK, but doesn't serve the long term need of the polygraph profession and instead tends to encourage dependency on some proprietorship (not sure if that is an actual word, but we'll go with it for now).

I have held off quite a while before putting in my 2 cents worth on this topic because discussions regarding polygraph instruments seem to engender loyalties nearly as fierce as ones basic polygraph school.

When I purchased my last polygraph instrument, I was already using an Axciton and was more than familiar with their instrument and service department. But since I was spending MY OWN MONEY I wanted to insure that I made the right decision. I wanted to purchase from a company that 

#1 had a history among my peers of reliability and quick technical support response. Lafayette, Limestone, and Stoelting pulled ahead of Axciton. I'm not saying anything was wrong, I just think the others were better.

#2 I wanted an instrument with a user friendly interface. Limestone and Lafayette, pulled ahead of Stoelting here although it may have had more to do with the person demonstrating the software than any problems that really existed. 

#3, Even though I wanted a company with proven reliability, I also wanted a company who was working diligently to improve data collection and analysis.

If you are buying a new instrument, I suggest you: 

A. Observe and participate in a hands-on Demo of each system under consideration.It is much better to do this privately than at a display table at a conference. 

B. Talk to examiners who actually use each type of instrument. Most will be happy to tell you what they like, but be sure and press them until you get at least one thing they dont'like. 

C. Make up a list of questions and call the service department for each manufacturer under consideration. Be sure and include some questions to find out if they know anything about polygraph or are just Computer/Electronics geeks. (not that geeks are bad, but there can be communication problems)

After all is said and done I don't think you will make a bad decision.

she was a local hire to try and make Bruce look better; I guess from that perspective it's possible. I spoke with her for a few minutes at the booth and she verified her "local" status and indicated to me she was "learning" about polygraph.

In the hands of a skilled operator, such as the late John Reid of John E. Reid and Associates, one of the early pioneers in the lie detection field, the polygraph can be a useful tool. Reid, along with noted Northwestern Law School criminal law professor Fred Inbau, essentially originated and popularized the use of polygraph testing in Chicago.

Although Reid felt that a polygraph was accurate more often than not, he never lost sight of the fact that the key component of its usefulness was not just the machine itself, but the training and skill of the operator. As the technology evolved this focus on skill has decreased, with more and more law enforcement agencies and private organizations relying on what they hope is an increasingly reliable lie detection device. [See: PLN, Dec. 2008, p.1].

From the very beginning, the use of polygraphs to determine truthfulness has been questioned by many scientists and criminologists who doubt that the interpretation of blood pressure, sweat and respiration alone can tell if a person is being deceptive. The news that one of the most widely-used polygraph machines has a technical problem that has gone unpublicized for years has only added to this skepticism.

Those who doubt the efficacy of lie detection devices feel that law enforcement and investigative agencies rely too heavily on polygraph tests to determine truthfulness and obtain confessions that might not be genuine. [See: PLN, Dec. 2011, p.14; April 2011, p.18]. Studies have shown that even innocent people can be conditioned to give false confessions, and the use of polygraphs as a tool of interrogation rather than a way to discover the truth would not have sat well with Reid.

Professor Iacono conducted his own tests of older Lafayette polygraph machines with fewer features that apparently relied more on the expertise of the operator, and concluded that some of the older machines were more accurate.

In May 2014, the Drug Enforcement Administration agreed to pay $500,000 to settle a lawsuit filed by 14 contractors who provided translation services related to DEA wiretaps, who had been fired after failing lie detector tests. In addition to the monetary settlement, the agency agreed to re-screen the contractors without considering the polygraph results.

Polygraph instruments manufactured in the U.S. are subject to export control laws and regulations of the United States. Individuals must comply with such Export Laws and obtain any license, permit or authorization required to transfer, sell, export, re-export or import the Products. Individuals cannot export or re-export the Products to any country or entity to which such export or re-export is prohibited, including any country or entity under sanction or embargoes administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Department of State, and U.S. Department of Treasury. Contact the manufacturer if you need assistance transferring ownership of polygraph instrumentation.

Whether you believe polygraph examinations are rooted in the science of measuring human physiology or in "black magic" trickery perpetrated by sophisticated operators, there's no denying that polygraphs have come a long way over the past decade. Since the early '90s, polygraph technology has evolved from the old style ink-and-paper polygraph machines with their easily clogged pens to computerized solutions that can record, store, and analyze physiological data collected during a polygraph examination.

Polygraph exams are controversial. But controversial or not they are a useful law enforcement tool, and I'm never one to toss one of my best tools, especially one that can be as versatile as a polygraph.

The state of the art of contemporary polygraphs is the digital polygraph system, and one of the leading developers and manufacturers of this technology is Lafayette Instruments. Indiana-based Lafayette is the maker of the widely used LX-4000 computer polygraph system.

Consisting of Lafayette's LX 9.5 software, sensors, and a Windows platform portable or desktop computer, the LX-4000 computer polygraph system can do everything that the old pen-and-ink machines could do and much, much more. The LX-4000 can capture seven channels of data, including respiratory, cardio, and galvanic skin response readings.

The heart of the LX-4000 is the LX software, and the latest version, 9.5, is an excellent upgrade of what was already a powerful tool for polygraph examiners. Not only does this software facilitate polygraph examinations, its newest features include the ability to integrate audio and video tracks right into the chart. So besides getting the interpretation from your trained examiner, you'll be able to hear the subject's inflections and see his or her body language right on the computer screen.

Security is one of the key concerns for anyone using a digital polygraph system. You have to be absolutely certain that the files cannot be hacked or altered. That's why the security features in LX 9.5 have been upgraded. Each operator's system can be secured by a user name and password. If you choose not to use the password protection, then security is monitored by the onboard auditing system, which tracks almost every nuance of the software's state and logs it. If someone else logs into your PC and tries to change or alter any important info, his or her access will either be denied or logged.

All polygraphs collect physiological responses to questioning. The LX-4000 system accomplishes this using Lafayette Systems' Data Acquisition Systems (DAS) hardware interface. The sensors gather cardio, respiratory, and galvanic skin response data and import it via a single USB port into the software where it is digitally recorded and displayed in real time.[PAGEBREAK]

After you've completed the tests, the scoring begins. LX 9.5 not only allows scoring using the Objective Scoring System (OSS) applied by the polygraph operator, it also lets you run algorithms such as POLYSCORE developed by Johns Hopkins University, or Quest, the Quantitative Evaluation System that graphically displays relative reaction strengths with color-coded bar graph or hodograph. Also available is IDENTIFI, which utilizes a three- or seven-position scale, allows an examiner to analyze relevant questions against weaker adjacent or preceding comparison questions. This algorithm will score many different examination types, including screening tests such as preemployment and security examinations. If that's not enough, and sometimes its not, LX 9.5 provides a built-in e-mail function that packages up all the necessary files, lets you password protect them if you choose, and zips them off to a colleague across the Internet for his or her interpretation. 17dc91bb1f

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