Coccinellidae (/kksnldi/)[3] is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in the United Kingdom; "lady" refers to mother Mary. Entomologists use the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with true bugs. The more than 6,000 described species have a global distribution and are found in a variety of habitats. They are oval beetles with a domed back and flat underside. They are sexually dimorphic; adult females are larger than males. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic (warning) colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they taste bad.
The name Coccinellidae, created by Pierre Andr Latreille in 1807,[4] is derived from the Latin word coccineus meaning 'scarlet'.[5] The common English name ladybird originated in Britain where the insects became known as "Our Lady's birds".[6][7] Mary ("Our Lady") was often depicted wearing a red cloak in early art, and the seven spots of the species Coccinella septempunctata (the most common in Europe) were said to represent her seven joys and seven sorrows.[8] In the United States, the name was popularly adapted to ladybug.[9] Entomologists prefer the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with true bugs.[9][10][11][12] Names in some other countries may be similar; for example, in Germany they are known as Marienkfer meaning 'Marybeetle' or 'ladybeetle'.[9]
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Most people like ladybugs because they are pretty, graceful, and harmless to humans. But farmers love them because they eat aphids and other plant-eating pests. One ladybug can eat up to 5,000 insects in its lifetime! Most ladybugs have oval, dome-shaped bodies with six short legs. Depending on the species, they can have spots, stripes, or no markings at all. Seven-spotted ladybugs are red or orange with three spots on each side and one in the middle. They have a black head with white patches on either side.
Ladybugs are colorful for a reason. Their markings tell predators: "Eat something else! I taste terrible." When threatened, the bugs will secrete an oily, foul-tasting fluid from joints in their legs. They may also play dead. Birds are ladybugs' main predators, but they also fall victim to frogs, wasps, spiders, and dragonflies. Ladybugs lay their eggs in clusters or rows on the underside of a leaf, usually where aphids have gathered. Larvae, which vary in shape and color based on species, emerge in a few days. Seven-spotted ladybug larvae are long, black, and spiky-looking with orange or yellow spots. Some say they look like tiny alligators. Larvae grow quickly and shed their skin several times. When they reach full size, they attach to a leaf by their tail, and a pupa is formed. Within a week or two, the pupa becomes an adult ladybug.
Ladybugs are happy in many different habitats, including grasslands, forests, cities, suburbs, and along rivers. Seven-spotted ladybugs are native to Europe but were brought to North America in the mid-1900s to control aphid populations. Ladybugs are most active from spring until fall. When the weather turns cold, they look for a warm, secluded place to hibernate, such as in rotting logs, under rocks, or even inside houses. These hibernating colonies can contain thousands of ladybugs.
The name "ladybug" was coined by European farmers who prayed to the Virgin Mary when pests began eating their crops. After ladybugs came and wiped out the invading insects, the farmers named them "beetle of Our Lady." This eventually was shortened to "lady beetle" and "ladybug." NASA even sent a few ladybugs into space with aphids to see how aphids would escape in zero gravity.
One cute insect: A popular symbol of springtime is the speckled, miniature dome of a ladybug as it strolls along a plant stem looking for its next meal. They are also found in nursery rhymes and folklore around the world. Of all the creepy crawlies, ladybugs are the most beloved and respected of insects.
Lady "bugs" are a group of beetles that are also known as ladybird beetles or lady beetles. In fact, the name ladybug is a slang term for the more correct name, lady beetle. They are harmless to humans and are often considered cute by people who don't like other insects. Some people think ladybugs are a sign of good luck.
Like other insects, the ladybug has an exoskeleton made of a protein like the one that forms our hair and fingernails. Its body has three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. Each of the three body parts has a different function.
Ladybugs gather together in large groups to diapause (the insect term for hibernation). This helps them conserve resources and brings males and females together for reproductive purposes. Some ladybugs gather in logs, buildings, ground cover, beneath snow drifts, and even in houses! Millions gather in the southwestern United States, where they cover the ground like a blanket of red and black.
Many ladybugs have bright colors to advertise to predators that they are not worth the effort! If disturbed, they can release a foul-smelling chemical from their "knees" to keep enemies away. Predators learn that color combinations of bright oranges, reds, and blacks can mean an unappetizing taste, and they avoid eating the ladybugs. This works so well that even ladybugs that are not distasteful mimic the colors of the poisonous ones.
Worldwide, ladybugs are seen as omens of good luck. In England, finding a ladybug means there will be a good harvest. In Sweden, if a ladybug lands on a young girl's hand, she will soon be getting married. Ladybugs are the official state insect of Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Tennessee. How interesting that such a tiny insect can make such a vast difference in the world!
There is nothing ladylike about a ladybug's appetite: an adult may eat up to 75 aphids per day! They also eat other harmful insects like fruit flies, thrips, and mites. Not all ladybugs are carnivorous, but the predatory ones are helpful to gardeners, because they do not damage crops while filling their bellies. In fact, they provide pest-removal services that many growers use instead of pesticides. For this reason, ladybugs can be purchased from many suppliers. More than 100 species of ladybugs are now living in California because of the benefits they provide. Most of the time this is a good thing, but now and then introduced species displace our California natives. We must remember: all things in moderation!
The female ladybug lays her tiny, golden eggs on the underside of leaves, usually near an aphid colony. In most species, the eggs hatch into larvae that look like caterpillars in just a few days.
Once hatched, the larvae eat about 350 to 400 aphids in the 2 weeks it takes them to become fully grown. As they grow, the larvae shed their skin several times. Once they are a certain size, the larvae stop eating and attach themselves to a plant leaf or stem. They then enter their next developmental stage, called the pupa.
When it is time, the adult ladybug emerges from the pupa. Though it now has all the features of an adult beetle, its exoskeleton is still soft and light in color. It takes the emergent insect several hours for its exoskeleton to harden and darken. A ladybug's entire life cycle only takes three to seven weeks.
Ladybugs have traveled into space. Four ladybugs and a jar of aphids were carried on a space shuttle as part of a zero gravity test to study their movement. The ladybugs were able to capture their prey without the help of gravity.
The ladybug is a fan favorite. A few polka-dotted, red beetles in your garden during the springtime is a charming sight. But the cousin of the ladybug, the invasive Asian lady beetle, is less pleasant to have around your home.
Many ladybugs like to eat plant-eating insects, such as aphids, mealybugs, mites, and scale insects, which harm crops and plants in gardens. This makes them helpful in keeping other bugs away from your house! However, there are some species that eat important plants and are considered destructive, such as the Mexican bean beetle.
In the fall, adult ladybugs seek protected places to stay during winter, such as under leaves, rocks and landscape timbers, buildings, and sometimes even in your house! When ladybugs overwinter, they cuddle together to keep each other safe and warm. In the spring and summer, you can find them on the plants in your garden and backyard, munching away on their favorite foods.
I was at this park this last weekend Jan 26 2019. At the skyline, prince, and stream hike. No Lady Bugs??
Are there no ladybugs this year? Is there anyway I can find out if they are there before I make 1 1/2 hour drive??
Ladybugs fall prey to birds, small mammals, and other predatory insects, like wasps, though many ladybug species have a powerful defense. When attacked, they exude a toxic, bad tasting, yellowish alkaloid from their leg joints. The bright red coloring of many ladybugs acts as a warning to predators of this toxic defense, a trait known as aposematism.
Climate, species, and food availability are among the drivers of how many new generations a ladybug can produce in its lifetime. In many western US locations, convergent lady beetles emerge after a long fall and winter metabolic slow down (diapause) to mate and lay several batches of eggs in spring. The tiny (1 mm) yellow eggs are laid on the underside of vegetation, usually near a plentiful food source, like an aphid colony. In a few days, the eggs hatch into larvae that typically look like a flattened but prickly caterpillar with 6 legs and a tapered tail end. On a steady diet of aphids, the larvae grow through several sets of skin (instars), appearing dark with orange spots in the later stages.
Many ladybug species are considered important beneficial insects because they voraciously consume plant-eating insects, such as aphids, mealybugs, mites, and scale insects, which harm crops and plants in gardens. However, a few ladybugs are destructive and feed on plants, such as the Mexican bean beetle and the squash beetle. 2351a5e196
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