Figure 2. Location of Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer and detailed study area of northern Idaho and eastern Washington.
Caldwell, R. R.; Bowers, C. L. Surface-Water/Ground-Water Interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Idaho and Washington. Surface-water/ground-water interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho and Washington 2003. DOI:10.3133/wri034239.
The Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Aquifer falls on the Washington-Idaho Border, extending into eastern Washington and northwestern Idaho. The extent of the aquifer can be seen in the figure to the left (Caldwell, 2003). This figure also indicates the major surface water bodies of the area such as the Spokane River, Hayden Lake, Coeur d'Alene Lake, and Lake Pend Oreille.
Figure 3. Average annual precipitation based on 30 years of record, 1961-90, in the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie area, Washington and Idaho (Source Below)
Kahle, S. C.; Caldwell, R. R.; Bartolino, J. R. Compilation of Geologic, Hydrologic, and Ground-Water Flow Modeling Information for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho. Scientific Investigations Report 2005. DOI:10.3133/sir20055227.
This map provides the average annual precipitation (inches) in the Spokane Valley aquifer area. The western side of the aquifer (on the Washington side) is shown to have significantly less rainfall than the eastern (Idaho) side. This drastic contrast in distribution should be considered when viewing the areal recharge. Seasonally, this area is known to have dry summers and moist winters (Molenaar, cited in Kahle 2005).
This figure provides a visualization of the aquifer's groundwater budget using a series of measurements from 1990 to 2005 (Kahle 2007). Provided in the diagram is the total groundwater flow into the aquifer, 1,471 cubic feet per second, and the total flow of groundwater out of the aquifer at 1,448 cubic feet per second (Kahle 2007). The aquifer's largest contributor is the Spokane River that sits above it. Contributing nearly a third of the recharge of the Spokane River are the neighboring lakes of the aquifer. The figure to the left provides a detailed breakdown of the individual lake contributions. Recharge from precipitation is almost equal to that of the lake recharge. Despite Lake Pend Oreille and Coeur d'Alene being quite large lakes, their contribution to the aquifer's recharge is reduced by their low permeability (Kahle 2007).
Figure 11. Estimated ground-water budget components for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer for average conditions, 1990–2005, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho. An inset chart shows values for individual lakes.
Kahle, S. C., & Bartolino, J. R. (2007). Hydrogeologic framework and ground-water budget of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai counties, Idaho. Scientific Investigations Report, 60. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075041