Dance forms of Tamil Nadu elaborates the various dance forms originated and practiced in the Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of the India. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, who speak Tamil language, one of the oldest surviving languages with archaeological evidence pointing to the Tamilakam region being inhabited for more than 400 millennia and more than 5,500 years of continuous cultural history. Hence, culture have seen multiple influences over the years and have developed diversely. With its diverse culture, many forms of individual and group dances have their origins in the region and are practiced.
Bharatanatyam is a major genre of Indian classical dance that originated in Tamil Nadu.[8][9][10] It is one of the oldest classical dance forms of India and is one of the classical dance forms recognized by the Sangeet Natak Akademi.[8][11] The name of the dance is a combination of the Tamil word Bharatam, a backronym with bha standing for bhavam (feelings, emotions), ra for ragam (melody, framework for musical notes), tam for talam (rhythm) and Natyam, a Sanskrit word for "dance".[12][13][14] A description of the dance is found in the 2nd century CE Sangam literature of Silappatikaram, while temple sculptures from the early middle ages of 6th to 9th century CE project the dance form.[15] The theoretical foundations of the dance are found in Kootha Nool in Tamil and in Natya Shastra, a Sanskrit text of performance arts.[16][17] According to some Indologists, the dance is linked to the Devadasi culture prevalent in Hindu temples.[18]
Kolattam Dance Music Mp3 Free Download
Download File 🔥 https://urlgoal.com/2yGbci 🔥
Traditionally, Bharatanatyam was a solo dance that was performed exclusively by women.[19] The dancer may be accompanied by musicians and one or more singers.[20] In modern adaptations, Bharatanatyam dance troupes may involve multiple dancers who play specific characters in a story, creatively choreographed to ease the interpretation and expand the experience by the audience.[21] The dancer known as ekaharya, is usually dressed in a colorful silk sari with golden or silver zari embroidery on the borders, adorned with various jewelry with the sari, designed and draped in a specific way for the dance.[22] All dancers wear leather anklets on each foot, which are called salangai, made up of small bells.[23][24] A Bharatanatyam arangetram (literally "ascending the stage") is a solo debut performance that signifies the completion of initial formal training of a young dancer Arangetram translates to . This performance is typically done ten to twelve years after a dancer begins learning Bharatanatyam.[25][26]
A traditional Bharatanatyam dance performance follows a seven to eight-part order of presentation called Margams.[27] The dance is characterized by the fixed upper torso with bent legs or flexed out knees combined with various footwork and a number of gestures known as abhinaya using various hand mudras, expressions using the eyes and other face muscles.[12] The dance might be accompanied by music and a singer and typically a guru is present as the director and conductor of the performance and art.[8] The dance has traditionally been a form of an interpretive narration of mythical legends, religious and spiritual ideas from the Hindu texts.[19] The repertoire of the dance has developed into nrita (pure dance), nritya (solo expressive dance) and natya (group dramatic dance).[19][28] The accompanying music to Bharatanatyam is in the Carnatic style of South India, as is the recitation and chanting.[29]
Puppeteers stand overhead in an area 4 ft (1.2 m) high and 11 ft (3.4 m) wide and operate the puppets by using movements from hands and arms to control devices the rods or strings.[31] The puppet staging area is created by stretching a black cloth over a bench and the puppets are operated behind a white screen illuminated by a lantern or oil lamps.[31] The audience are seated in front of the screen with the screen literally separating the performers and audience, who are able to view the shadows of the puppets which are operated by the puppeteers.[30]
The puppeteers wear bells which are sounded along with the movements with background music played by traditional instruments such as cymbals, harmonium and mridangam.[31] The puppeteer might engage in narration of the stories while dancing the puppets.[31] The themes are drawn from various Hindu scriptures such as the Puranas and epics and/with local folklore.[31] The puppet shows are held during festivals and fairs and as a part of rituals to ward of evil forces, prevent epidemics, end drought by invoking rain.[31] Bommalattam is usually followed as a family tradition with all members of the family engaged in making the puppets, maintaining them and performing.[30] Pava Koothu is a variation of puppetry which uses handheld glove puppets.[32]
Chakkaiaattam is a form of folk dance practiced majorly in South Central parts of the state.[34] It is a social dance performed by a group of men or women with no specific theme.[35] The dance may be accompanied by music and songs and are performed usually as an invocation to Tamil gods such as Murugan or Mariamman.[34] The dancers hold wooden sticks measuring about 7 in (180 mm) long and strung in a thread between the fingers which are used to produce different sounds.[35]
Devarattam is a folk dance form.[36] Deverattam means "Dance of the Gods" in Tamil.[37] The act is performed generally by males who wear costumes, make-up and may wear different face masks suiting the theme enacted.[36] Even female characters are played by males.[36] Devarattam is an abstract dance with no words used and the dancers use various expressions to express various themes, that is derived from the aspects of nature, animals and birds.[36][38] It is performed at weddings, festivals and ritual occasions.[38]
Silambu is a hollow anklet made up of a metal such as copper and filled with iron or silver beads that produce noise when the wearer moves or dances.[39][40] Silambu forms the basis of the Tamil Sangam epic Silappathikaram.[41] It is generally worn by women on the leg, termed as klchilambu in Tamil in contrast to kichilambu held in the hand.[42] For the dance, the dancers wear anklets and hold a silambu in their hands to make noises while dancing.[42] The dance is performed in temples during Amman festivals or Navaratri festival especially to praise female deities like Durga or Kali.[33]
Karakattam is a folk dance involving dancers balancing clay or metal pot(s) on the head while making movements with the body.[43][44] The pot may be empty or sometimes filled with water.[45] The pot is decorated with colorful flowers and leaves mostly neem, which is of medicinal and religious importance to the Tamils.[46] The performer may sometimes carry multiple pots layered on top of the other.[47] This dance is usually associated with the worship of Amman.[33] The art form was traditionally practiced by women who wore saris and men may join them, posing with different make-up as a part of the story line and played in festivals and fairs.[47] In the 21st century, the dance has sometimes obtained a reputation for vulgarity as it has been subjected to significant changes, with women wearing short skirts, showing of their midriff and bright make-up.[47]
Kavadiattam is a often a ceremonial act of sacrifice and offering to Hindu gods especially Murugan.[48] Kavadi (meaning "burden" in Tamil) itself is a physical burden emphasizing debt bondage and by bearing the kavadi, the dancer implores the gods for assistance, usually on behalf of a loved one who is in need of healing, or as a means of balancing a spiritual debt.[49] A simple kavadi is a wooden stick balanced on the shoulders with weights on both the ends, usually pots of cow milk known as pal kavadi.[50] A traditional kavadi consists of two semicircular pieces of wood or steel which are bent and attached to a cross structure that can be balanced on the shoulders of the carrier and weigh upto 30 kg (66 lb).[49] It is often decorated with flowers and peacock feathers as an act of reverence to Murugan, among other things.[49]
The dancers may also do a form of mortification of the flesh by piercing the skin, tongue or cheeks with skewers.[50] The dance is accompanied by drumming and chanting of verses help them enter a state of trance and Vibuthi, a type of holy ash is spread across the body.[50] The dancers often prepare for the rituals by keeping clean, doing regular prayers, following a vegetarian diet and fasting while remaining celibate.[51] They carry the kavadi and dance with bare feet usually en route to a pilgrimage.[52]
Kolattam is an ancient folk dance usually performed by women with Kol meaning "stick" in Tamil[53][54] The dance uses two small sticks, one in each hand.[55] The dancers generally stand in a circular formation and beat the sticks to make specific rhythms while singing songs.[55] The dancers may beat the sticks in their own hands or with the sticks held by other dancers.[54] The dancers may form multiple circles with dancers changing pairs with the members of adjacent circles to make the beats.[56] The dance is usually dedicated to gods or goddesses.[55] The dance is performed during the harvest season and for a fortnight in the Karthigai month of Tamil calendar.[54] There are different variants such as pinnal kolattam and chakke kolattam.[55] Pinnal kolattam uses ropes instead of sticks.[54]
Kummiattam is a folk dance similar to Kolattam, with the difference being that hands are used to make sounds while dancing in kummiattam instead of sticks used in the later.[57] The dancers form a rhythm by clapping the hands in different postures.[58] The dance is performed during religious ceremonies, functions and festivals such as Pongal, generally by women.[59][33] There are various types of the dance depending on the occasion or objects used such as poonthotti kummi, deepa kummi, kadir kummi and mulaipuri kummi.[60] 152ee80cbc
west african gospel music download