K.E.M. Radiology
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Department of Radiology
Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai , India
Interventional Case Record
Contributed by : Salman Mapara
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair with an Aorto-Uni-Iliac Device.
Introduction:
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients over the age of 65 years. Endovascular repair has become the preferred therapy for the management of infrarenal AAAs and accounts for upto 80% of repairs in some institutions - due to the decreased preoperative morbidity and mortality as well as faster initial recovery times
Case presentation:
A 66-year-old man came with complaints of dull aching abdominal pain in the umbilical region since 25 days. He was a known hypertensive on antihypertensive medications. There was no significant history of any past medical illness. Clinical examination of his respiratory and cardiovascular system was normal.
On abdominal examination, a pulsatile mass was palpable in the left lumbar region. On ultrasonography, there was a medium sized saccular aneurysm in the infrarenal aorta. A CT aortogram showed a large saccular aneurysm arising from the left side of the infrarenal aorta measuring approx. 6.2 x 4.6 cm . There was tortuous anatomy of the descending infrarenal abdominal aorta (Figure 1 and video 1).
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Fig 1:3D Volume rendered image of the CT aortogram showing left sided saccular infrarenal aortic aneurysm.
Video 1 Axial contrast enhanced CT video showing fusiform suprarenal aortic aneurysm and saccular left sided infrarenal aortic aneurysm.
Another fusiform aneurysm was seen in the suprarenal aorta involving the celiac trunk in close relation to the SMA. (Figure 2 and video 2)
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Fig. 2 -Axial contrast enhanced CT image showing left sided infrarenal saccular aortic aneurysm.
Video 2- Coronal contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) video showing fusiform suprarenal aortic aneurysm and saccular left sided infrarenal aortic aneurysm.
With the saccular aneurysm on left side and a tortuous aorta. aorto biliac stenting was not planned. We anticipated the risk of stent kinking as well. Therefore the patient was planned for an aorto-uni-iliac (AUI) stent-graft deployment, with occlusion of the contralateral common iliac artery and crossover femoro femoral bypass.
Through a right femoral access, a glidwire was used to negotiate the aneurysm but was not possible (figure 3a and 3b). Therefore, brachial artery access was used.
Fig. 3- Showing failure of glidewire to cross through the aneurysm with curling around of it
Stent Graft Deployment:
Bilateral brachial artery access and right common femoral artery access with right femoral arteriotomy were performed. A 7F sheath was placed in the right common femoral artery and 5F sheath was placed in both brachial artery accesses. A 5F pigtail catheter was placed through the left brachial access, for angiographic control during the deployment of the stent graft (Video 3).
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Video 3 Angiogram performed with 4F cobra catheter showing the tip at the level of the aneurysm (left) . Angiogram showing fusiform suprarenal aortic aneurysm and saccular left sided infrarenal aortic aneurysm (right)
Through this access, a J tip AES guidewire is advanced from right brachial artery access and was snared from right common femoral artery access (Video 4). After this the 5F H1 catheter was advanced from the right common femoral artery access. The J-tip AES wire was exchanged for a Lunderquist wire and was positioned in the descending thoracic aorta. A 5F pigtail catheter was placed through the left brachial access,for angiographic runs during the deployment of the stent graft (Video 4).
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Video 4 –Angiogram showing the J tip AES guidewire advanced from left brachial artery access and snared from right common femoral artery access.
Based on preoperative measurements and aortic morphology, the main body of the stent graft was chosen of a of length 10 cm; proximal diameter 23 mm, distal diameter 14 mm was selected and advanced over the Lunderquist wire. The covered segment of stent graft was deployed in the infrarenal aorta after precise confirmation of the location of both renal orifices; the cranial end of the covered portion of the main body stent-graft was placed below the lower-most renal artery orifice. (Videos 5 and 6)
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Video 5 Angiogram showing deployment of aortic stent graft over the Lunderquist stiff wire.
Video 6- Angiogram showing deployment of aortic and right common iliac artery stent graft over The Lunderquist wire.
The caudal end of the stent was placed at the level of the proximal right common iliac artery. Another stent graft was placed in the right common iliac artery with its length 8 cm, proximal diameter of 16 mm and distal diameter of 13 mm.(Video 7 and 8). After this, through a left femoral access, with 8F cordis sheath and through this a Cera Amplatz plug of 14 mm was deployed at origin of left CIA. (Video 9)
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Video 7-Angiogram showing post aortic stent graft deployment with exclusion of aneurysm from main circulation.
Video 8- Angiogram showing post aortic stent graft deployment and right common iliac artery stent with exclusion of aneurysm from main circulation.
Video 9- Angiogram showing deployment of Amplatz plug at left common iliac artery at bifurcation.
Post-stent graft deployment, completion angiography was performed to confirm proper graft position, assess endoleaks, and verify exclusion of the aneurysm. It showed adequate placement of the stent graft (Video 10 ).
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Video 10, Angiogram after aortic stent graft, right common iliac artery stent and left common iliac origin Amplatz plug deployment status with exclusion of aneurysm from main circulation.
Following the procedure, the patient was shifted under general anaesthesia to the operating room and a femoro-femoral bypass procedure was performed. The patient was transferred to recovery room for 48 hours. At this time, a CT angiogram of the abdomen and pelvis with thigh region was performed. Both lower limb Doppler examinations were also performed.. The Doppler studies showed no abnormality. The CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with the thigh showed exclusion of the infrarenal pseudoaneurysm from circulation with no filling in any phase (figure 4). Good opacification of both lower limb arterial system with normal femoro- femoral artery bypass was seen. (Video 11a and 11b).
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Figure 4-3D Volume rendered image of computer tomography (CT) aortogram of the postprocedure scan showing exclusion of saccular left sided infrarenal aortic aneurysm with aorto-uniliac stent graft placement status with left common iliac artery plugging and femoro-femoral artery bypass status.
Video 11 -Axial and coronal reconstructed videos of computer tomography (CT) aortogram of post procedure scan showing exclusion of saccular left sided infrarenal aortic aneurysm with aorto-uniliac stent graft placement status with left common iliac artery plugging and femoro-femoral artery bypass status.
Figure 5-Fluoroscopic spot film of the abdomen showing endovascular stent graft in the infrarenal aorta (orange arrow) and left sided plug- at the origin of the left common iliac artery region (green arrow).