As for detecting the symbolic links that are recursive I think you can do some sorcery with File.getCanonicalPath and a hash map of visited canonical paths. I don't have a linux machine handy so I haven't tested this though, YMMV.

As mentioned previously, the java.nio.file package, and the Path class in particular, is "link aware." Every Path method either detects what to do when a symbolic link is encountered, or it provides an option enabling you to configure the behavior when a symbolic link is encountered.


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A symbolic link (also known as symlink or soft link) is a special file that serves as a reference to another file. In this Java tutorial, we will learn to create, detect and find targets of the symbolic links using examples.

Remember that symbolic links depend on a lot of other factors such as OS support, underlying JVM support, underlying FileStore support etc. If there is any kind of support issue or read-write permissions then relevant exceptions will be thrown.

What separates API specifications from a programming guide are examples, definitions of common programming terms, certain conceptual overviews (such as metaphors), and descriptions of implementation bugs and workarounds. There is no dispute that these contribute to a developer's understanding and help a developer write reliable applications more quickly. However, because these do not contain API "assertions", they are not necessary in an API specification. You can include any or all of this information in documentation comments (and can include custom tags, handled by a custom doclet, to facilitate it). At Java Software, we consciously do not include this level of documentation in doc comments, and instead include either links to this information (links to the Java Tutorial and list of changes) or include this information in the same documentation download bundle as the API spec -- the JDK documentation bundle includes the API specs as well as demos, examples, and programming guides.

With that in mind, these guidelines are intended to describe the finished documentation comments. They are intended as suggestions rather than requirements to be slavishly followed if they seem overly burdensome, or if creative alternatives can be found. When a complex system such as Java (which contains about 60 packages) is being developed, often a group of engineers contributing to a particular set of packages, such as javax.swing may develop guidelines that are different from other groups. This may be due to the differing requirements of those packages, or because of resource constraints.

You are encouraged to add links for API names (listed immediately above) using the {@link} tag. It is not necessary to add links for all API names in a doc comment. Because links call attention to themselves (by their color and underline in HTML, and by their length in source code doc comments), it can make the comments more difficult to read if used profusely. We therefore recommend adding a link to an API name if:

Multiple @see tags should be ordered as follows, which is roughly the same order as their arguments are searched for by javadoc, basically from nearest to farthest access, from least-qualified to fully-qualified, The following list shows this progression. Notice the methods and constructors are in "telescoping" order, which means the "no arg" form first, then the "1 arg" form, then the "2 arg" form, and so forth. Where a second sorting key is needed, they could be listed either alphabetically or grouped logically.

You can provide one @author tag, multiple @author tags, or no @author tags. In these days of the community process when development of new APIs is an open, joint effort, the JSR can be consider the author for new packages at the package level. For example, the new package java.nio has "@author JSR-51 Expert Group" at the package level. Then individual programmers can be assigned to @author at the class level. As this tag can only be applied at the overview, package and class level, the tag applies only to those who make significant contributions to the design or implementation, and so would not ordinarily include technical writers.

With Javadoc 1.2, package-level doc comments are available. Each package can have its own package-level doc comment source file that The Javadoc tool will merge into the documentation that it produces. This file is named package.html (and is same name for all packages). This file is kept in the source directory along with all the *.java files. (Do not put the packages.html file in the new doc-files source directory, because those files are only copied to the destination and are not processed.)

The package doc comment should provide (directly or via links) everything necessary to allow programmers to use the package. It is a very important piece of documentation: for many facilities (those that reside in a single package but not in a single class) it is the first place where programmers will go for documentation. It should contain a short, readable description of the facilities provided by the package (in the introduction, below) followed by pointers to detailed documentation, or the detailed documentation itself, whichever is appropriate. Which is appropriate will depend on the package: a pointer is appropriate if it's part of a larger system (such as, one of the 37 packages in Corba), or if a Framemaker document already exists for the package; the detailed documentation should be contained in the package doc comment file itself if the package is self-contained and doesn't require extensive documentation (such as java.math).

Some "specifications" that engineers have written contain no assertions not already stated in the API specs (javadoc) -- they just elaborate on the API specs. In this respect, such a document should not be referred to in this section, but rather should be referred to in the next section.

Broken links may exist due to some kind of server error, which, in turn, causes the corresponding page to malfunction and not be displayed. A valid URL will have a 2xx HTTP status code. Broken links, which are essentially invalid HTTP requests have 4xx and 5xx status codes.

If a user clicks on a broken link, they will be directed to an error page. This obviously contributes to sub-par user experience. Broken links defeat the purpose of having the website in the first place because users cannot find the information or service they are looking for.

Every link on a website must be tested to ensure that it is functioning as expected. However, given that most websites have hundreds (sometimes thousands) of links required to make them work, manual testing of each link would require excessive amounts of time, effort, and resources. Moreover, with automated Selenium testing being an option, it would be completely unnecessary.

To check broken links in Selenium, the process is simple. On a web page, hyperlinks are implemented using the HTML Anchor () tag. All the script needs to do is to locate every anchor tag on a web page, get the corresponding URLs, and run through the links to check if any of them are broken.

In conclusion, identifying broken links is a crucial aspect of web application testing, and Selenium provides a powerful platform to automate this process efficiently. By leveraging Selenium WebDriver and Java programming capabilities, web testers can easily navigate through web pages, collect links, and validate their response status. The step-by-step guide presented in this article demonstrates a straightforward approach to finding broken links using Selenium and Java. Also, BrowserStack plays a significant role in finding broken links in Selenium Java testing by providing a cloud-based platform for testing web applications across a wide range of browsers, operating systems, and devices.

which 2 commands? /usr/bin/java is a soft (symbolic) link to /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64/jre/bin/java

There is no difference as they are the same file.

If you type something like

On your system, /usr/bin/java is a symlink to /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64/jre/bin/java. When you combine the two commands together like this you substitute the output of which into the command line of readlink -f to create:

That is, which has found where the first executable file called java is in your PATH, and the shell has inserted that path as an argument to readlink -f. readlink then looks up the path and finds that it's a symbolic link, and so it resolves that link (and any others it finds) to produce a complete direct path to the actual file itself.

For almost all purposes, these paths will be interchangeable to you - the symlink java will be automatically resolved to the real path when you use it, and modifications to the file itself will be made by your package manager, rather than you, so you never have to see it. You could run the program from either path, or with just java, and the result would be exactly the same, because it's the same actual executable that runs in the end.

The package manager will be using a symlink rather than putting the actual file inside /usr/bin because the JRE has a whole set of files it likes to have next to each other in unusual configurations, and a symlink lets the package manager present a normal-looking arrangement to you as the user. There will be many other files inside the /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64 that you'd never have any reason to deal with, and that don't participate in the system's ordinary library arrangements.

We found out that starting from Confluence 8.4 we could not define application links to Jira in the local environment (when the hostname pointed to a localhost address). The following error message was shown:

In addition, the folder that holds the jvms (/usr/lib/jvm) also holds yet another "java" link file. This one points to "/etc/alternatives/java". And there is a "default-java" file-folder link that points to the undesired Java version. e24fc04721

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