TheOracle Technology Network License Agreementfor Oracle Java SE is substantially different from prior Oracle JDK 8 licenses. This license permits certainuses, such as personal use and development use, at no cost -- but other uses authorized under prior Oracle JDKlicenses may no longer be available. Please review the terms carefully before downloading and using this product.FAQs are availablehere.

These downloads can be used for development, personal use, or to run Oracle licensed products. Use for otherpurposes, including production or commercial use, requires a Java SE Universal Subscription or another Oracle license.

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There is a massive eco-system of Java libraries which make it a great tool for a large number of use cases,ranging from command-line and desktop applications, over web apps and backend web services, to datastores and stream processing platforms.With upcoming features like support for vectorized computations (SIMD),light-weight virtual threads,improved integration with native code,value objects and user-defined primitives, and others,Java is becoming an excellent tool for solving a larger number of software development tasks than ever before.

"A suite of programs that facilitate developing and running programs written in the Java programming language", with key elements being the Java compiler (javac), the Java virtual machine, and the Java standard class library.Focus of this post is the Java Standard Edition (SE), other platforms like Java Micro Edition (ME), and Jakarta Enterprise Edition (EE) are not discussed here.A large number of languages other than Java (the language) itself can run on Java SE (the platform), for instance Kotlin, Groovy, and Scala; they are also out of scope for this article, though

Java source code is compiled into class files which then are loaded into the JVM and executed.Normally, this is done in two steps: first running the compiler javac, then executing the program using the java binary.For quick testing and exploring, both steps can be combined, so you can execute your "Hello World" program like this:

That said, some popular libraries you will encounter in many projects includeJUnit (for unit testing),slf4j (logging),Jackson (JSON handling),Hibernate (object-relational persistence, domain model validation, etc.),Testcontainers (integration testing with Docker), andArchUnit (enforcing software architecture rules).The "awesome-java" list is a great starting point for diving into the ecosystem of Java libraries.

Exploring the tools which come with the JDK, for instance javadoc (for generating API documentation), jcmd (for sending diagnostic commands to a running Java application), or jpackage (for packaging self-contained Java applications)

Programs written in Java have a reputation for being slower and requiring more memory than those written in C++.[50][51] However, Java programs' execution speed improved significantly with the introduction of just-in-time compilation in 1997/1998 for Java 1.1,[52] the addition of language features supporting better code analysis (such as inner classes, the StringBuilder class, optional assertions, etc.), and optimizations in the Java virtual machine, such as HotSpot becoming Sun's default JVM in 2000. With Java 1.5, the performance was improved with the addition of the java.util.concurrent package, including lock-free implementations of the ConcurrentMaps and other multi-core collections, and it was improved further with Java 1.6.

Java uses comments similar to those of C++. There are three different styles of comments: a single line style marked with two slashes (//), a multiple line style opened with /* and closed with */, and the Javadoc commenting style opened with /** and closed with */. The Javadoc style of commenting allows the user to run the Javadoc executable to create documentation for the program and can be read by some integrated development environments (IDEs) such as Eclipse to allow developers to access documentation within the IDE.

The Java Class Library is the standard library, developed to support application development in Java. It is controlled by Oracle in cooperation with others through the Java Community Process program.[71] Companies or individuals participating in this process can influence the design and development of the APIs. This process has been a subject of controversy during the 2010s.[72] The class library contains features such as:

The Oracle implementation is packaged into two different distributions: The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) which contains the parts of the Java SE platform required to run Java programs and is intended for end users, and the Java Development Kit (JDK), which is intended for software developers and includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, Jar, and a debugger. Oracle has also released GraalVM, a high performance Java dynamic compiler and interpreter.

Java development is all about building things, ranging from informational websites to interactive web applications or mobile applications. Java developers are often responsible for giving input on design, implementing applications or requirements, and testing and debugging the code. These skills are in-demand across many industries. If you like building new things and have the patience and grit to work through challenges, then Java development could be the career for you.

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To help you set up quickly, you can install the Coding Pack for Java, which includes VS Code, the Java Development Kit (JDK), and essential Java extensions. The Coding Pack can be used as a clean installation, or to update or repair an existing development environment.

Create a folder for your Java program and open the folder with VS Code. Then in VS Code, create a new file and save it with the name Hello.java. When you open that file, the Java Language Server automatically starts loading, and you should see a language status item with a loading icon on the right side of the Status Bar showing the language status is busy. After it finishes loading, you can hover on the language status item and find the loading process has been finished successfully. You can also choose to pin the status item in the status bar.

Getting Java set up in your development environment is as easy as downloading a JDK and adding it to the system path on your operating system. For Windows and macOS, Java includes an installer that will do this for you.

In the past, you also had to select a Java package. These were JDKs targeted for different types of development like Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE), Java Standard Edition (Java SE), and Java Mobile Edition (Java ME). Now that the enterprise Java libraries have migrated to Jakarta EE, the process has changed. You will still download the Java SE JDK from an implementer like Oracle or OpenJDK. If you need additional tools useful for enterprise and cloud-native application development, then you will likely want to download and install Jakarta EE. In some cases, you might not need the entire Jakarta EE platform. For example, if you needed just a JDK plus servlets, you could use the standard JDK plus Tomcat, which includes the Servlet API.

Since the JDK supplies the compiler for your Java programs, the JDK you use determines what Java version you can code in. For example, if you want to use functional programming features, then you need at least the Java 8 JDK for compiling. Otherwise, the javac (Java compiler) command will reject the Lambda code with a syntax error.

We'll stick with Java SE for this introduction so that we can focus on the core JDK classes and technologies. To download the Java SE development kit, visit Oracle's official download page. You'll see the various JDK packages available, as shown in Figure 2.

The JRE inside your JDK adds the java command to your command line. You can verify this by dropping into a command shell and typing java -version, which should return the Java version you've just installed. (In some cases you'll have to restart your system for this change to your system path to fully take.)

The javac command lives inside the /jdk directory, and in recent versions of the installer will automatically be added to the path .... Some IDEs include a Java compiler by default. It is usually possible to configure them to use a specific installed version if you wish.

An integrated development environment (IDE) is software that provides a cohesive set of tools for developing applications. Think of an IDE as a visual operating system that includes a file browser and text editor, along with capabilities specific to development like code completion and formatting. Eclipse, IntelliJ, and NetBeans are all well-tested and powerful Java IDEs. Microsoft's ubiquitous Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is another capable contender for Java application development.

In Java development, one of the key things the IDE does is manage compilation. That is, the IDE automatically runs the compile process in the background so you don't have to continually do it yourself. An IDE also provides play-by-play feedback as you go, catching coding errors on the fly.

In the Dockerfile you added a new stage labeled development based on the extract stage. In this stage, you copy the extracted files to a common directory, then run a command to start the application. In the command, you expose port 8000 and declare the debug configuration for the JVM so that you can attach a debugger.

The current Compose file doesn't start your development container. To do that, you must update your Compose file to target the development stage. Also, update the port mapping of the server service to provide access for the debugger.

In this section, you took a look at running a database locally and persisting the data. You also created a development image that contains the JDK and lets you attach a debugger. Finally, you set up your Compose file to expose the debugging port and configured Compose Watch to live reload your changes. 0852c4b9a8

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