The Spin

S Y N O P S I S

The book "The SPIN" is the result of a multidisciplinary study that lasted over forty years. It explains in a very didactic and simple way how to build matter and the entire universe from spin. Its comprehension requires no prior knowledge. The book contains four parts: the first presents the indispensable information needed for its comprehension; the second uses this information to introduce the Theory of Axes; the third builds the atom and presents hypotheses for questions such as: What is energy? What is charge? What is gravity? What is the origin of mass?; and the fourth shows the relationship between the structure of the universe and spin. This book is recommended for anyone who is only satisfied with logical and simple explanations.

1. Introduction

The spin was discovered in 1921 during experiments conducted by the German physicists Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach to test the hypothesis that electrons might spin in opposite directions. In these experiments, beams of vaporized metal atoms were forced to pass through a non-uniform magnetic field. The intention of Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach was to interfere with the movement of the electrons in these atoms to observe what would happen.

A field is any area that is encapsulated by a force. A field is magnetic when its encapsulating area is formed by a force of attraction and repulsion that originates from the movement of materials carrying an electric charge. Electric charge is very common, but its origin is still unknown. Force is the only thing that can work. To work is to perform the actions that produce the movements that generate facts, events, occurrences, or happenings.

The experiment by Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach showed that in metals with an unbalanced outer electron shell, the electron beam was split in two. One part contained the electrons from the balanced shells, and the other contained the electrons from the unbalanced shell (Fig. 1). The electron shells are unbalanced when they contain only one electron, and they are balanced when they contain a pair of electrons. This phenomenon was named by Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach as electron spin, and its positional possibilities as spin angular momentum. A phenomenon is anything that can be observed.