Objects from different periods and regions vary in the use of calligraphy in their overall design, demonstrating the creative possibilities of calligraphy as ornament. In some cases, calligraphy is the dominant element in the decoration. In these examples, the artist exploits the inherent possibilities of the Arabic script to create writing as ornament. An entire word can give the impression of random brushstrokes, or a single letter can develop into a decorative knot. In other cases, highly esteemed calligraphic works on paper are themselves ornamented and enhanced by their decorative frames or backgrounds. Calligraphy can also become part of an overall ornamental program, clearly separated from the rest of the decoration. In some examples, calligraphy can be combined with vegetal scrolls on the same surface, though often on different levels, creating an interplay of decorative elements.

The genius of Islamic calligraphy lies not only in the endless creativity and versatility, but also in the balance struck by calligraphers between transmitting a text and expressing its meaning through a formal aesthetic code.


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As well as being written with great elegance, there were many ways in which calligraphy could be enhanced by adding decoration. The words themselves could be written in gold, or in colours other than black. Letters and words could also be outlined or could lie against a background pattern. Calligraphers also combined different sizes, colours and styles of text for different phrases or sections of text (but always sticking to the rules of proportionality within each section). These Qu'ran folios show how calligraphers could make functional details of formatting and punctuation into beautifully designed elements.

While the Qur'an's holy status provides an explanation for calligraphy's importance, by no means is all Arabic calligraphy religious in content. In general, calligraphic inscriptions on works of art can also include poems, praise for rulers, and aphorisms (general truths or principles).

Muthanna, also known as mirror writing, is a compelling style of Islamic calligraphy composed of a source text and its mirror image placed symmetrically on a horizontal or vertical axis. This style elaborates on various scripts such as Kufic, naskh, and muhaqqaq through compositional arrangements, including doubling, superimposing, and stacking. Muthanna is found in diverse media, ranging from architecture, textiles, and tiles to paper, metalwork, and woodwork. Yet despite its centuries-old history and popularity in countries from Iran to Spain, scholarship on the form has remained limited and flawed. Muthanna / Mirror Writing in Islamic Calligraphy provides a comprehensive study of the text and its forms, beginning with an explanation of the visual principles and techniques used in its creation. Author Esra Akn-Kvanc explores muthanna's relationship to similar forms of writing in Judaic and Christian contexts, as well as the specifically Islamic contexts within which symmetrically mirrored compositions reached full fruition, were assigned new meanings, and transformed into more complex visual forms. Throughout, Akn-Kvanc imaginatively plays on the implicit relationship between subject and object in muthanna by examining the point of view of the artist, the viewer, and the work of art. In doing so, this study elaborates on the vital links between outward form and inner meaning in Islamic calligraphy.

"This book, an important and much-needed contribution to the field of Islamic calligraphy, provides a nuanced and complex study of this enigmatic art form by placing it into a transcultural context and examining it from new vantage points. It is stimulating, carefully thought out, and well documented."

"Muthanna not only makes a welcome intervention in the larger field of the history of calligraphy, but also highlights the specific practice of mirror writing, which has hitherto received almost no attention. The book brings religion and art together in an innovative and meaningful fashion, and Akn-Kvan is to be commended for her courageous pioneering work."

Ibn Muqla established the principles of calligraphy. To this day, Islamic calligraphers use his theory of proportion based on three sets of measurements: the dot, alif, and circle. The relationship of all letters of a script is determined by the width of the rhomboid dot produced by the pen nib. The letter alif can then be drawn based on a set number rhomboid dots determined by the type of script being used. Once the letter alif is formed, an invisible circle is drawn around the letter (the height of the alif is the diameter of the circle), serving the basis from which all letters of a script may be calculated.

After receiving several inquiries about the Islamic calligraphy stencils I use on my blog, I decided to turn my passion into a business. I am in the process of setting up an Etsy shop (online shop) for Islamic calligraphy stencils & decals. I will let you know when I open the shop for business.

It brings me joy to hear that I have inspired others to try a new idea, so thank you for sharing that. ? Alhamdulilah, I do sell Islamic calligraphy stencils and decals in my Etsy shop. You can visit it here ( ). I also do ship worldwide. If you have any questions please contact me via my contact form.

Thank you very much for this, it has really helped with my religious education coursework. I particularly found the link between calligraphy and music interesting, as being a pianist, I found that the examples shown resembled written music a lot more than I would have thought.

In the Islamic tradition, the calligraphic art usually existed as a part of the religious tradition, whereby religious texts,as well as what some would consider secular texts, but they often had a religious base to them, were produced to a level of art that was notconsistent with just scribal work. In other words, they were done by master calligraphers who were thought of in an artistic sense. There were personalities who achieved high levels of the art and were sought after and collected and became famous individuals who were respected and revered throughout history, a little bit like we think of painters. They often produced the elaborate and beautiful Koranic manuscriptswhich were very important in the Islamic culture, and indeed most of your high calligraphy that developed from that angle from those people who were doing the Korans. Rarely do you see books in the Islamic world that were calligraphed to the degree that the Korans generally are.

The library has got mostly works from what we would call the scribal tradition, all the way from some extremely difficult-to-read pieces that are in no way connected with calligraphy; they are more akin to doctors' notes.

This is a good example of that. It will show, if I'm not mistaken -- well, the paper might not be as good as the hand made books -- but it will show how calligraphy does transfer in the lithograph situation.

That's mixed with gum arabic. It's ground for 30 hours in a mortar and pestle after this. I'm using a European based paper; it's an English paper. These were exported throughout the Islamic world. They were exported in a state that is not usable as it comes. Number one, they were white and no calligraphy uses white paper; it's an eyesore; it hurts the eyes. You have to add some color to it. Often they were dyed with teas, as this paper has been dyed with tea.

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A work of Islamic calligraphy by a Japanese artist sold Thursday for $50,000 in a Sotheby's auction in Doha, the auction house said.The work was created by Koichi Honda, 64, a professor at Tokyo-based Daito Bunka University.

Islamic calligraphy art is a form of calligraphy or stylized handwriting that is written in the Arabic language and displays words and phrases from the Quran. It is a type of artistic expression which emerged the time after the Prophet Mohammad spread the message of Islam through the Quran which is the word and complete message of God. To bring esthetic appeal to copying the Quranic text, buildings, objects, and places of worship, Arabic calligraphy was enhanced to be known as Islamic calligraphy. As images and idols are not allowed in the Islamic faith for artistic expression or decorative purposes, the words and phrases inspired by the Quran are instead used for artistic and beautifying purposes in the Islamic world, emanating beauty, reverence, and purposeful focus on the word of God.

Calligraphy was used for the display and visual art in the Islamic world. Islamic calligraphy artistically displays the words and verses of the Quran, which is the word of God, to decorate buildings, books, places of worship, and other public and private displays as other subject matter such as sculptures, paintings, and images of people and animals are not appreciated in Islam.

Islamic calligraphy emerged in the 7th century at the time when the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Mohammad. Arabian scholars, poets, and artists familiar with the craft embraced Islam and used their talents to artistically display the word of God. The Quran was written in the Kufic Arabic script used at the time and was later developed to use a more artistic style as the standard style for copying the Quran.

Calligraphy is a style of writing that is artistic in the way letters and words are written and expressed. The tools used are ink and a special pen, ink brush, or another type of stick. Writing that is considered calligraphy is considered so due to the style and design of the layout, shape, lines, curves, and dots used in a deliberate esthetic visual expression.

Islamic calligraphy is an artistic visual style of handwriting where the subject matter is centered on Islamic words and verses of the Quran. The artistic style emerged in the 7th century as the Quran was copied to which the practice of beautifying the visual appeal of the message of God became a focus in the Islamic world. Islamic calligraphy is traditionally in the Arabic language, preserving the original Arabic script and language in which the Quran was revealed. Islamic calligraphy is also known as Arabic calligraphy for this reason. In Arabic, it is called khatt, derived from the word "line," "design," or "construction." 17dc91bb1f

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