a

e

o

Mixed with consonants

 (b p m f )only.

-i

Mixed with consonants

 (z c s zh ch sh r )only.

er

It is a special vowel that does not need to be filled with a consonant in front.

ex : 二 èr means 2  

i

If there is no consonant to fill in front of (i), add a (y) consonant in front of the vowel (i) because it is pronounced the same.

u

If there is no consonant to fill in front of (u), add a (w) consonant in front of the vowel (u) because it is pronounced the same.

ü

If there is a consonant( j q x), the dot on the( ü) is omitted, but the pronunciation remains the same.

ai

ao

an

ang

ou

ei

en

eng

ong

ia

ie

iao

ian

iang

iu(iou)

iong

in

ing

üe

üan

ün

ua

uo

uai

ui(uei)

uan

un(uen)

uang