Model Answer:

The bar graph illustrates the four waste disposal methods employed in Toronto, Madrid, Kuala Lumpur, and Amman. 

It is immediately obvious that incineration and landfill are the primary and most prevalent waste disposal methods across all four cities.

In Toronto, over 70% of waste is managed through landfilling, while Amman relies on this method for nearly half of its total waste. In Kuala Lumpur and Madrid, landfilling accounts for 18% and 29% of waste disposal, respectively.

Incineration ranks as the second most widely used method. Kuala Lumpur utilizes incineration for the disposal of over half of its waste, whereas Madrid and Amman use this method for 40% and 38% of their waste, respectively. Recycling is another disposal method, accounting for nearly 20% of waste management in both Kuala Lumpur and Madrid. However, in Amman and Toronto, recycling constitutes less than 10% of the total waste disposal.

Word count: 144

Model Answer:

The line graph depicts the average monthly rise and fall in the price of nickel, copper, and zi 

nc throughout 2014.

Overall, nickel started with the highest percentage change of the three but ended with the lowest. In contrast, zinc started with the smallest change and ended with the highest, while copper prices fluctuated. The price for all three metals, however, dipped in June. 

To start with, in January, the price of nickel was up six percent, but this dropped to three percent in June. Ending the year, however, with a one percent increase in both November and December. 

On the other hand, Copper began the year with a two percent increase, and by May, there was a slight drop of less than one percent. It rose again, increasing by one percentage in July, August, and September. Similarly, zinc saw its most dramatic increase in February with three percent, and in June it dipped by 1%. The change was, nonetheless, negative until October or November, when it began to rise again.

Word count: 170

Model Answer:

The electricity production process involves several steps that transform coal into electrical energy.

Overall, energy production involves the combination of coal and oxygen undergoing various chemical processes, including heating in the furnace. This process generates gases that power gas and steam turbines to produce electricity.

In the initial stage, coal is transported to a furnace via a ramp, where it is heated and mixed with oxygen. This reaction produces slag as a waste byproduct and creates raw syngas, which is then processed to remove harmful contaminants such as carbon dioxide, mercury, and sulfur. The purified syngas is subsequently used to drive a gas turbine connected to a generator. This is the first method of electricity generation.

On the other hand, the excess hot gases that the gas turbine produces are redirected to a heat recovery steam generator, which releases flue gases into the atmosphere and generates steam that powers steam turbines, producing extra electricity.

Word count: 154

Model Answer:

The table outlines how individuals in the UK spend their wages across four commodities in 1998.

Overall, it is evident that food and music accounted for the highest average expenditures among the four categories, while videos were the least consumed.

Firstly, women spent the largest percentage of their income on food, at 39%, followed closely by adults at 25%. In contrast, men, children, boys, and girls each spent less than 15% on food, with their expenditures at 14%, 10%, 9%, and 11%, respectively. Additionally, girls dedicated a significant portion of their income to music, spending 40%, while children and boys were not far behind at 39% and 38%, respectively. Adults, men, and women each allocated about 5% of their income to this category.

Moreover, children showed a preference for electronic equipment, spending an average of 23%. Boys also spent a notable amount, at 18%, while men allocated 10%. Adults, women, and girls each spent less than 6% on electronic equipment. Videos were the least consumed commodity on average; boys, girls, and men spent 18%, 17%, and 12%, respectively, whereas adults, men, and women collectively dedicated only about 3% of their income to this category.

Word count: 194

Model Answer: 

The table compares median family expenses in a sovereign state for the years 1950 and 2010.

Overall, it is evident that significant changes occurred in various categories over this period. Housing expenses experienced a substantial decline, whereas spending on food increased notably. Healthcare, in contrast, saw the least growth among all categories.

In 1950, housing accounted for a staggering 72.1% of total expenses, making it the most significant expenditure for families. However, this figure plummeted to just 22.0% by 2010. Food, on the other hand, began with a modest 11.2% in 1950 but saw a remarkable rise of approximately 22%, reaching 34% in 2010. Healthcare started at a minimal 2.4% and increased only slightly to 4.4% over the same period, indicating its limited importance to consumers.

Education expenses saw a slight decline, starting at 6.6% and dropping to 6.3%. In contrast, spending on transportation and other categories experienced dramatic increases. Transportation costs rose from 3.3% to 14.0%, while other expenses climbed from 4.4% to 19.2%.

Word count: 194

Model Answer: 

The table provides information about six subway systems in six major cities worldwide, with details of their opening dates, the total kilometers of track covered, and annual passenger numbers.

Overall, the data reveals a varied interpretation of the complex relationship between the opening dates, lengths of each city’s underground railway system, and their passenger volumes. However, it clearly shows that older and more extensive networks, such as those in London, Paris, and Tokyo, attract significantly more riders compared to the newer, shorter systems in Kyoto and Los Angeles.

Despite having the most extensive rail network of 394 km, London's rail system transported a modest 775 million passengers annually in sharp contrast with the higher numbers for Paris and Tokyo, both of which have fewer underground kilometers route coverage. This indicates that there is no direct correlation between the length of the rail systems and the number of commuters. Notably, the highest recorded number of passengers occurred in 1927, when Tokyo had an impressive 1.926 billion trips annually. Paris followed, with approximately 1.191 billion passengers each year.

Additionally, Kyoto and Los Angeles featured the shortest subway lines, at 11 kilometers and 28 kilometers, respectively. Consequently, it is assumedly logical that Los Angeles, with 50 million annual passengers, and Kyoto, with 45 million travelers, recorded the lowest numbers of commuters.

Word Count: 218

Model Answer:

The pie chart presents data on consumption of bottled water in eight regions of the world in 1999 while the bar chart depicts increase in bottle water consumption in the same areas within a 2 years period.

Overall, Western Europe used most of the global bottled water supply and witnessed the least growth in consumption alongside Africa, while Asia had the smallest share in utilizing bottled water and had the fastest growth rate. 

Among all regions, Western Europe enjoyed the greatest share of 45.5 percent in packaged water use followed by 20 percent share of North America. Pacific  and Eastern Europe had  11 and 8 percent share of global consumption respectively while  other regions had less than this. 

In 2001, Pacific witnessed the highest growth rate in consumption of bottled water followed by Asia and North America, both of which grew at 8 - 14p percent. Eastern Europe and North African qnd the near east markets expanded at 2 percent per annum while South and Central America as well as Europe between 2 and 4% increase in consumption  consumption. Africa grew at the just about 2 percent, the smallest growth rate among all the regions.

Word count: 195

Model Answer:

The pie charts illustrate the percentage and distribution of water usage  across six different regions of the world. 

In North America and Europe, water is primarily used for industrial purposes, while in comparison, South America, Africa, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia have a more diverse or varied water distribution pattern, with a predominant use for agricultural purpose .

North America and Europe exhibit similar water usage patterns, mainly employing water for industrial purposes. Industrial use accounts for approximately half of the total water consumption in these regions. Agricultural use follows closely behind, representing about one-third of the water utilized. Comparatively, domestic water usage is relatively minimal in these regions, accounting for only 13% and 15% respectively.

In contrast, South America, Africa, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia display more diverse water distribution patterns. These regions predominantly rely on water for agricultural purposes, constituting roughly 80% of their total water usage. Conversely, industrial water usage remains relatively low, never exceeding 12% across these four regions. Only South America surpasses 10% in terms of domestic water use, highlighting a significant contrast with North America and Europe.

Word count: 183

Model Answer:

The bar graph illustrates the proportion of various household wastes—such as glass, paper, cans, and plastics—that were recycled in a specific region from 1992 to 2002. 

Overall, we can immediately see that a higher percentage of used glass and paper was recycled in comparison to other types of waste over the 10-year period. 

Glass emerged as the most commonly recycled material, starting at 17% in 1992 and increasing to 28% in 1997, before peaking at 48% in 2002. Similarly, paper was the second most frequently recycled material, beginning at 25% in 1992 and rising significantly to 39% by 2002. 

In stark contrast, the recycling rates for cans and plastics remained comparatively lower. Although the recycling rate for cans was initially almost at par with glass at 17% in 1992, it declined to about 12% in 1997. Nonetheless, by 2002, the recycling rate for cans rebounded to 24%. Meanwhile, plastic waste had the lowest recycling rate throughout the period, maintaining a steady rate of approximately 12%.

Word count: 165

Model Answer:

The line graph illustrates the percentage of British families engaging in regular car use from 1971 to 2007. 

Overall, the data clearly shows a significant increase in the number of households owning more than one car over the period studied. In contrast, the proportion of families without a car dropped dramatically, while the number of those with just one car remained relatively stable throughout the 46 years.

In 1971, only a small minority of households owned three or more cars. However, by 2007, this figure had gradually risen to nearly 6%. Similarly, the percentage of people using two cars was almost 8% in 1971, and this surged to about 26% by 2007. 

Conversely, around 49% of households had no car in 1971, but this number experienced a sharp decline, reaching 25% in 2007. Meanwhile, the proportion of families using cars exhibited mild fluctuations in the initial decades, then remained constant. Notably, in 2003, the number of families without a car equaled those with two cars.

Word count: 165

Model Answer:

The bar graph presents the percentage of time Australian male and female employees spent working during a week in 2007.

Overall, the data indicates that Australian men worked more hours per week compared to women. Both genders predominantly worked between 30-50 hours a week, with both spending an equal amount of time working over 80 hours per week.

In 2007, less than 20% of women worked 0-10 hours weekly, while only a small percentage of men had similar working hours. In the 10-20 hour range, the proportion of female employees was slightly higher, with over 20%, compared to approximately 12% of male employees.

However, when considering the 30-50 hour workweek, the trend reversed. In this category, more than 40% of men were employed, which was about 8% higher than the 35% of women. Although men continued to outnumber women in the 60-80 hour workweek, both genders saw a drop in the total percentage of those working such hours, with 30% of men and 18% of women.

Furthermore, around 10% of both males and females in Australia worked over 80 hours a week.

Word count: 182

Model Answer:

The first diagram illustrates the process of cement manufacture, and the second shows the materials that go into the production of concrete.

It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement., beginning with the input of raw materials and ending with the bags of the finished products. To produce concrete, four different materials are mixed together.

At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay are crushed to form a powder. This powder is then mixed before it passes into a rotating heater. After heating, the resulting mixture is ground, and cement is produced. Finally, the cement is packed in large bags.

Cement is one of the four raw materials that are used in the production of concrete, along with gravel, sand, and water. To be exact, concrete consists of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement, and 10% water. All four materials are blended together for concrete production.

.Word Count: 155