The pandemic has exacerbated livelihood insecurity among workers across the developing world. Even as the aggregate economy has recovered in many countries since the pandemic, millions of individuals are still experiencing livelihood losses and are facing the risks of long-term unemployment.

Developing economies are characterised by large informal sectors, where workers lack social protection.Footnote 2 High levels of informality are associated with higher levels of poverty and inequality and slower progress toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals. The pandemic has exacerbated livelihood insecurity, especially among informal workers who were more likely to lose their jobs and to be pushed into poverty (Ohnsorge & Yu, 2021). Even as the aggregate economy has recovered in many countries since the pandemic, millions of informal workers are still experiencing livelihood losses and are facing the risks of long-term unemployment.


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While long-term unemployment is a perennial area of research and policy in the developed world, it has received less attention in the context of emerging markets and developing economies. Data shortcomings in the developing world make it difficult to shed light on this problem, despite the big challenges it raises for economic policy and the wellbeing of young individuals who dominate the labour force. Panel labour force surveys are scarce, and administrative data typically does not capture the informal economy fully. Consequently, there is a limited understanding of the extent and incidence of LTU. Using the panel structure of the Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS) data of the Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy (CMIE), this section examines the evolution of LTU at a national level and among the youth population.

-term-unemployment-rate.htm. The remaining developing economy in the OECD database is South Africa, which reports high rates of 60 percent and compares well with the self-reported months in the CPHS and National Sample Survey Organisation cross-sectional data (see Ahmed, 2015; Naraparaju, 2017).

In this event, the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India and the Chair of the 15th Indian Finance Commission will discuss the challenges facing the economy of India and what we can expect from it in the future.

Ishwar C. Dhingra has served in the faculty of Economics at University of Delhi. He has authored a number of books on Indian economy and related areas. Several of his books have been well-received both in India and abroad and have been adopted as textbooks at different levels.


The U.S. motel industry, from small independent motels to large economy franchises, is now dominated by Indian-Americans, many of whom are gathering in Atlanta, Georgia this week for the annual convention of the Asian American Hotel Owners Association.


The convention has enough pull to draw big name speakers such as former President Bill Clinton, former General Electric Chairman Jack Welch and other well-known celebrities.


Is that the price India must pay for encouraging foreign direct investment into the country? The answer is NO. Australia recently negotiated a trade and investment agreement with the United States without agreeing to such investor rights, so surely Indian can do the same as it is the fastest growing economy in the world. Is the Bhopal gas tragedy so easily forgotten, and should we not learn from the lack of compensation to the victims that an unequal society calls for greater protection from the narrow legal tactics of investors?

Agriculture will continue to be the backbone of Indian economy, and hence a key area of intervention for IDH in India. IDH works in agricultural value chains across commodities with a focus on smallholder inclusion, innovative governance, gender empowerment and disruptive technology to drive sustainability in the sector. 2351a5e196

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