This is a sample bad Java program Test.java that we will be using to create a core dump. For all our examples we will be using Java 18, as of writing this post it is built using JDK master branch. This post can help you to build JDK from the source.

In the above output, we can see only one method call in the stack trace, because Test.java has only the main method. A thread dump is useful when we have a deadlock situation, or we want to find out what all threads are doing in the hanged java application.


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JVM crash is not a common problem but when it happens we may need to raise it with the JVM vendor and wait for a significant duration for the RCA/resolution. jhsdb is a very useful command for Java developers we can analyze JVM crash ourselves and take corrective action as well.

In my previous blog posts I spent some time in illustrating tools for thread analysis for Oracle\Sun HotSpot JVM. However recently I actually had to analyze stack\javacore dumps from IBM WebSphere for hang condition and therefore had to research equivalent tools to analyze dumps from that JVM.

As we all know, during the run time of a Java process, some Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) may not respond predictably and oftentimes seem to hang up for a long time or until JVM shutdown occurs. It is not easy to determine the root cause of these sorts of problems.

By triggering a javacore when a Java process does not respond, it is possible to collect diagnostic information related to the JVM and a Java application captured at a particular point during execution. For example, the information can be about the operating system, the application environment, threads, native stack, locks, and memory. The exact contents are dependent on the platform on which the application is running.

This technology analyzes each thread information and provides diagnostic information, such as current thread information, the signal that caused the javacore, Java heap information (maximum Java heap size, initial Java heap size, garbage collector counter, allocation failure counter, free Java heap size, and allocated Java heap size), number of runnable threads, total number of threads, number of monitors locked, and deadlock information.

Another useful screen is Thread Status Screen. Here you can see RUNNABLE vs. PARKED vs. BLOCKED threads and associated stacks. This screen can be very useful in resolving slow response and hang conditions

The following Thread in the example below is in BLOCK state which typically means it is waiting to acquire a lock on an Object monitor. You will need to search in the earlier section and determine which Thread is holding the lock so you can pinpoint the root cause.

Android mobile applications can also suffer from memoryleaks, which can be attributed to poor programming practices.Memory leaks in mobile apps bare direct consumer impact anddissatisfaction. Memory leak slows down the application'sresponsiveness, makes it hang or crashes the application entirely.It will leave an unpleasant and negative user experience.

A Memory leak is a type of resource drain that occurs whenan application allocates memory and does not release after finishusing it. This allocated memory can not be used for any otherpurpose and it remains wasted. As a consequence, Java applicationswill exhibit one or more of these non-desirable behaviors: poorresponse time, long JVM pauses, application hang, or even crash.

One common indication of a memory problem is thejava.lang.OutOfMemoryError. This error is typically thrown whenthere is insufficient space to create a new object in the Javaheap. There are 8 flavors of OutOfMemoryError. Each flavor ofOutOfMemoryError has different causes and solutions.

Sometimes the latest version of an application might beconsuming more memory than the previous version. You need toanalyze what are the large objects residing in the memory? Whereis it being created? Where is it being held up? Answers to allthese questions can be found in Heap Hero's Heap Analysis Report.

Wrong data structure choice, created but unused datastructure, overallocated and underutilized data structure,suboptimal data type usage (i.e., using 'long' instead of 'int'),data duplication - all these can easily waste 30 - 70% of yourmemory. Heap Hero's intelligence report helps eliminate thesememory hogs.

HPROF is a simple command-line tool that capturesCPU/Heap profiles to identify performance bottlenecks inapplications. By default, this tool writes the capturedprofiles to a file with '.hprof ' extension. HPROF file maycontain CPU usage, heap allocation statistics, heap dump,thread stack traces and monitor states. It can be either inbinary or text format. Heap Hero is a powerful tool to view andanalyze HPROF files.

Heap Hero, a universal tool that will parse and analyzeheaps dumps written in any language that runs on the JVM. Itwill convert Java, Scala, Jython, JRuby heap dumps to usefulinformation to optimize your memory usage.

Reliably and quickly fix your memory problems through aprecision single-page view of your heap dumps. View intuitivedata display of heap histogram, largest objects, and memoryleak suspects with a concisely brilliant interface.

Our award-winning heap dump analysis tool is offered as afree service. Our tools help you to fix memory leaks,OutOfMemoryError, memory regression, memory hogs and anymemory-related problems. All this power at your fingertip forfree.

Android is the world's largest mobile platform. Heap Herocan parse and analyze the heap dumps generated from any Androiddevices. Heap Hero's deep learning algorithms can report memoryleak suspects and objects wasting memory.

Heap Hero is the world's first and the only cloud-basedheap dump analysis tool. Registration, download, orinstallation is not required to use the tool. Just upload yourapplication's heap dumps & review the beautiful reportsinstantly.

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When you start Java VisualVM, the Applications window is visiblein the left of the Java VisualVM window. The Applications windowenables you to quickly view running local and remote applications.The Applications also displays core dumps and profiling snapshotssaved to your local system.

The Core Dump node is visible in the Applications window if JavaVisualVM is running on Solaris or Linux. Generally, Java VisualVMcan only open a core dump if the core dump was taken on the samemachine. A core dump contains informaton on the Java DevelopmentKit (JDK) and kernel of the machine where the core dump was taken.To open the core dump in Java VisualVM, this information must matchthe JDK software and kernel of the local system.

Thread dumps are primarily used in performance analysis as a lowfrequency, sampling profiler. They are a lightweight and generallynon-intrusive way to get a picture of what the JVM is doing. For moredetails about profilers, see the JavaProfilers chapter. The IBM Java andHotSpot Java troubleshooting sections list all of the ways togenerate thread dumps.

There will be a lot of threads that will be irrelevant in 90% ofcases. Focus on the threads where your application work occurs, such asthe WebContainer thread pool. In this example, all of the threads arewaiting for work (either parked in the WAS BoundedBuffer or in IBM AIOcode waiting for the next event). Remember that only the full stack ismeaningful. In some cases, a parked thread, or a thread waiting inObject.wait may be a problem, so it's best to look methodically throughthe stacks.

Monitor analysis is also important to find Java lock bottlenecks.Click the Monitor Detail or Compare Monitors buttons to explore thehierarchy of blocked threads. Remember that some blocked threads arenormal, such as threads in a thread pool waiting for the next piece ofwork.

On versions of IBM Java < Java 8, Java 7, Java 6.1, and Java 6SR16 FP4, the javacore.txt thread dump shows threads which areeffectively running (R) as waiting (CW) in TMDA. This is because the JVMuses a cooperative mechanism to try to quiesce running threads for theduration of the Javacore to reduce the chances of problems creating thejavacore itself. TMDA navely reports the thread dump state withouttaking this into account. This is no longer an issue on the newerversions of IBM Java since the javacore.txt file reports the "actual"state (right before the javacore started).

When there is an obstacle, or when a Java based Web application is running much slower than expected, we need to use thread dumps. If thread dumps feel like very complicated to you, this article may help you very much. Here I will explain what threads are in Java, their types, how they are created, how to manage them, how you can dump threads from a running application, and finally how you can analyze them and determine the bottleneck or blocking threads. This article is a result of long experience in Java application debugging.

A web server uses tens to hundreds of threads to process a large number of concurrent users. If two or more threads utilize the same resources, a contention between the threads is inevitable, and sometimes deadlock occurs.

Thread contention is a status in which one thread is waiting for a lock, held by another thread, to be lifted. Different threads frequently access shared resources on a web application. For example, to record a log, the thread trying to record the log must obtain a lock and access the shared resources. 152ee80cbc

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