Explore women's history in national parks and in places in communities across the country to discover women of all cultures providing healing and hope. Learn how women continue to lead in these roles in stewardship and conservation of America's natural and cultural treasures today.

The History API provides access to the browser's session history (not to be confused with WebExtensions history) through the history global object. It exposes useful methods and properties that let you navigate back and forth through the user's history, and manipulate the contents of the history stack.


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The following example assigns a listener for the popstate event. It then illustrates some of the methods of the history object to add, replace, and move within the browser history for the current tab.

Asynchronously loads a page from the session history, identified by its relative location to the current page, for example -1 for the previous page or 1 for the next page. If you specify an out-of-bounds value (for instance, specifying -1 when there are no previously-visited pages in the session history), this method silently has no effect. Calling go() without parameters or a value of 0 reloads the current page.

Pushes the given data onto the session history stack with the specified title (and, if provided, URL). The data is treated as opaque by the DOM; you may specify any JavaScript object that can be serialized. Note that all browsers but Safari currently ignore the title parameter. For more information, see Working with the History API.

Updates the most recent entry on the history stack to have the specified data, title, and, if provided, URL. The data is treated as opaque by the DOM; you may specify any JavaScript object that can be serialized. Note that all browsers but Safari currently ignore the title parameter. For more information, see Working with the History API.

In 2022, the average U.S. history score at eighth grade decreased by 5 points compared to 2018 and by 9 points compared to 2014. The average score in 2022 is not significantly different from 1994, the first year the assessment was given. The average score is reported on the NAEP U.S. history scale, which ranges from 0 to 500.

The overall average score decreases in 2022 compared to both 2018 and 2014 were reflected across all four historical themes. Compared to the first U.S. history assessment in 1994, average scores in 2022 for the Democracy and World Role themes were higher while the 2022 average scores for the Culture and Technology themes were lower.

The graphic below allows users to see how three questions asked on the 2022 NAEP U.S. history assessment map to the NAEP Basic, NAEP Proficient, and NAEP Advanced achievement levels. The graphic also shows the kinds of questions students at these levels are likely to answer correctly. Explore scoring guides, student responses and commentary for the questions in the NAEP U.S. history Report Card. Explore a set of released questions from the 2022 U.S. history assessment or previous assessments in the NAEP Questions Tool.

The selected NAEP U.S. history survey questionnaire results below describe learning contexts, opportunities, and student and educator perspectives regarding U.S. history. Explore trend data for these questions, as well as data related to learning disruptions and recovery efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the NAEP U.S. history Report Card.

NOTE: In 2018, the digitally based NAEP U.S. history assessment was administered for the first time. The 2018 U.S. history report includes results from students who took the digitally based assessment (DBA) and students who took the paper-based assessment (PBA). In 2022, all students took the digitally based U.S. history assessment. For more information, see the About page. The NAEP U.S. history scale ranges from 0 to 500. Black includes African American, and Hispanic includes Latino. Race categories exclude Hispanic origin. In compliance with new standards from the U.S. Office of Management and Budget for collecting and reporting data on race/ethnicity, additional information was collected beginning in 2011 so that results could be reported separately for Asian students and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander students. Students who identified with two or more of the racial/ethnic groups (e.g., White and Black) would have been classified as "other" and reported as part of the "unclassified" category prior to 2011, and classified as "Two or More Races" in 2011 and later assessment years. Results for these students are presented under the "Two or More Races" category in the graphics and tables in this report. For the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) eligibility category, results have been reported since 2003 when the quality of the data on students' eligibility for the program improved. The information about "Eligibility for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP)" variable is based on available school records. If school records were not available, the student was classified as "Information not available." The category "students with disabilities" includes students identified as having either an Individualized Education Program or protection under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The results for students with disabilities and English learners are based on students who were assessed and cannot be generalized to the total population of such students. See more information about student group variables. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding or omission of categories. Although the estimates (e.g., average scores or percentages) are shown as rounded numbers in the charts, the positions of the data points in the graphics are based on the unrounded numbers. Unrounded numbers were used for calculating the differences between the estimates, and for the statistical comparison test when the estimates were compared to each other. Not all apparent differences between estimates are statistically significant. NAEP reports results using widely accepted statistical standards; findings are reported based on a statistical significance level set at .05, with appropriate adjustments for multiple comparisons. Only those differences that are found to be statistically significant are referred to as "higher" or "lower."

Department of History Alumni, whether with the PhD, MA, HiLS MA, HiHP MA, or BA, go on to work in a wide variety of fields. Students in history learn how to think critically, analyze and prioritize information, and turn research into writing. Our Alumni are an important part of our community who demonstrate that degrees in History are useful and productive. Let's stay in touch!

The award winning UMBC History Faculty are recipients of prestigious research awards. They have particular expertise in the public history, the history of inequality and justice, the history of globalization, and political and policy history.

While historians know that history is about interpreting primary sources, students tend to think of history as a set of facts. In The Saint and the Count, History Professor Leah Shopkow opens up the interpretive world of the historian using the biography of St. Vitalis of Savigny (d. 1122) as a case study.

"The value of a history major comes in its incredible power to provide context for the world we live in today. In the world of fake news, being able to work efficiently with primary sources is a skill that cannot be undervalued."

Welcome to the new UCSB History Department website! We are a diverse and dynamic department. Browsing through our website, you will learn about the research interests of our faculty, about our undergraduate program with its two popular majors and three minors, and about our stellar graduate program. I encourage you to check out upcoming events organized by our research clusters, by our Colloquium Committee, and by our undergraduate History Club. Events include our Political Economy Colloquium, our Focal Point Dialogues in History, and our Public History series. The History Associates, our community organization, is regularly hosting talks for a general audience that meet on campus and across the Santa Barbara area. Get inspired and find out how history matters!

CHM members are invited to learn more about the history and significance of the Bronzeville neighborhood with Bernard Turner, executive director of the Bronzeville-Black Metropolis National Heritage Area. Learn more 2351a5e196

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