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When the ultrasound velocity in a plate cA0 is less than 2cair, the value of the optimum excitation angle opt begins to grow very quickly and at lower velocities cannot be realized due to the finite dimensions of the ultrasonic transducer.

Let us analyse if an array with such requirements may be realized. The main limiting factor now is the frequency dependent wavelength of the A0 mode. The zoomed phase velocity dependence in the PVC film of 0.13 mm thickness versus frequency is shown in Figure 6 and the corresponding wavelength in Figure 7.

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From the results presented it follows that with a reduced frequency, in spite of the reduced A0 mode velocity the wavelength is increasing and is on the order of a few millimetres. For example, at the f = 20 kHz frequency indicated by a vertical dot-dashed line in Figure 7, the wavelength A0 = 4 mm. As it will be shown below, the array with such pitch can be realized using strip like piezo ceramic elements, vibrating in a thickness extension mode. 17dc91bb1f