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Pages: 80
Main Characters: !!Netherlands, OC !!Indonesia, !England, !India, OC !Pakistan
Minor Characters: OC !Ghana, China, Belgium, OC Luxembourg, Australia, OC Malaysia, others
Summary: "Historical Hetalia Doujin of Netherlands Indies & British Raj during 1830-1949. The story took place from 1830-1870. Netherlands realizes the error of his ways in forcing Indonesia into Cultuurstelsel (tanam paksa), and he tries to fix everything."
CW: In this chapter, Netherlands briefly says, "I only like little girls." The extent of "like" is not elaborated, but it could be a reference to unconfirmed rumors that widely went around back in the day of Hima allegedly stating or hinting him being a "lolicon" (I've yet to see any proof given). The writer of Maaf openly ships him with Indonesia despite her being a child for much of the series and depicting the harsh effects of colonization on her, but nothing romantic happens, and this chapter can otherwise be enjoyed as a parental bond.
"Netherlands looks battered because he almost fell into bankruptcy when he was separated from his sister, Belgium."
"Netherlands is recovering from his bankruptcy (pictured here, battered & lost consciousness) through the cultivation system (aka forced plantation) forced onto Indonesians, reaping lots of profit (pictured gold). Unfortunately, he forgot about the origin of said profit and had to be reminded again through the voices of people in the Netherlands who protest about the cultivation system (pictured here Max Havelaar book by Multatuli). Source: [link]"
"Unlike other colonial powers such as England, France, Portugal, Spain, and Belgium, the Netherlands never made Dutch the official language of the colony. The main difference from the other European colonial powers was the fact that the majority of legally acknowledged Dutchmen were bilingual Indo-Eurasians.[54] Dutch was only used by a limited educated elite, and in 1942, only around two percent of the total population in the Dutch East Indies spoke Dutch. This did mean, however, that next to the expatriate Dutch and native Indo Europeans, there were over 1 million indigenous Indonesians who were proficient in the Dutch language.[55] Source: [link]"
"Indies is upset because 40 years ago Netherlands captured & exiled her kingdom's prince, Prince Diponegoro, by tricking him into coming for negotiation for a cease-fire in the Padri war between the Javanese & Dutch (1830). Indies can't decide whether to trust Netherlands again or not, for she worries this will be another trick from him and is afraid that he might betray her again. [link]"
"The Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1871 were three related treaties between Great Britain and the Netherlands, dealing with colonial disputes and other colonial affairs between the two countries. They are the Siak Treaty, Recruitment Treaty, Gold Coast Treaty & Sumatra Treaty... Source: [link]"
"Cultuurstelsel is a taxation system where the Indies have to pay a fixed amount of tradeable crops to Netherlands. For Indies' people who don't have land, they were forced to work for free for 5 months straight in Netherlands plantation. This system makes most of the people of the Indies become confined in their villages (for they have to work extra to meet their tax obligation and grow their own food), thus why Netherlands mentioned that Indies was confined to her islands. Source: Wajah Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe by Haryoto Kunto, publisher PT.Granesia."
"Indonesians in Sumatra Island eat marijuana dishes, one of those cuisines made from marijuana: asam ganja (sour marijuana). In Indonesia, we put the death penalty for people who inhale marijuana weed smoke, but we're okay with people eating marijuana for dinner. While in Netherlands, it's legal to buy marijuana in a coffee shop."
"Pictured above, the mixing of all Java & Bali island culture: Mask Dance from Cirebon, King of Keraton from Yogyakarta, Gamelan played by Balinese. Indies is dancing a Mask Dance Kelana/Ravana: describes anger, human nature is greedy, and justifies any means to achieve his personal ambitions. But he was also the leader of a wealthy, have a tough worldly.
If you dance a mask dance with a blank state of mind, you'll get possessed by the mask's evil spirit, that is what my school dance master, Dinia Ridanti, told me."
"Translation: "Forget not. In the whole Dutch East Indies, there's only one milk central and that is the Bandung Milk Central!" This is a quote from the Past Director of Bandung Milk Central's history book. Please fix it if you find the grammar wrong. Source: Wajah Bandoeng Tempo Doeloe by Haryoto Kunto, publisher PT.Granesia
Bandoengssche Melk Centrale in Bandung town is the only milk plant in the Dutch East Indies during the colonial era, which also served as a restaurant. They sell all kinds of dairy products, from cheese, milk, ice cream, etc. During the colonial era, they imported many cows from Friesland to fulfill the demand for dairy products in the Dutch East Indies."
"Going Dutch is a slang term indicating that each person participating in a shared activity pays for himself or herself, rather than any one person paying for anyone else. It is also called Dutch date and Dutch Treat. ([link])"
"Condition of Indonesian women during the 19th century: The tendency of Javanese Culture to impose obstacles for the development of women. Pictured are the sufferings of Javanese women fettered by tradition, unable to study, secluded, and who must be prepared to participate in polygamous marriages with men they don't know. Source: [link]
Also, most Indonesian people didn't get an education during the 19th century; only the chief/sultan's children had an education. Dutch colonial policy & administration is best described by the expression - "Keep's the native's belly full & his head empty" Source: [link]"
"Delman: a traditional carriage popular in Indonesia. The name is derived from the inventor, Charles Theodore Deeleman, who came to the Dutch East Indies in 1845. The rate in 19th century was 20 cents per mile. Source: [link]"
"Indonesian Children song: Naik Delman. Composer: Pak Kasur... [link] : By vocaloid"
"This song is extremely popular in Indonesia due to a funny video posted on YouTube of a policeman, Briptu Norman, lip-syncing this song. Video: [link]
"Chaiyya Chaiyya" (Hindi: छैंय्या छैंय्या, "[walk] in shade") is a Hindi song in the Hindi film Dil Se directed by Mani Ratnam. It is one of India's most popular songs and is often used at cultural and festive events in the country."
"Discrimination in train, based on Mahatma Gandhi's experience. Source: [link] Gandhi left the shores of India in April 1893, full of zest to try his luck in South Africa... It so happened that at Maritzburg, a white passenger boarded the train and was upset to see Gandhi in the same coach... a constable who was summoned by the incensed officials pushed Gandhi and his luggage out of the train. This incident made Gandhi angry and determined to fight for his rights."
"The Ugly Aftermath: As demonstrated by the near-death experience Australia went through due to the introduction of the rabbit, the introduction of invasive species into foreign environments is one of the biggest dick moves a person can do to an ecosystem. In Australia, rabbits are a serious mammalian pest and are an invasive species. Annually, European rabbits cause millions of dollars of damage to crops. Source: [link] Unfortunately, some people figured that out only after this book kicked off the acclimatization fad."
"Translation: Prohibited access for dogs & Native. In the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch applied the segregation system (wijkenstelsel) in the city by dividing the people among themselves on the basis of territorial origin, language differences, and customary law distinctions. Especially between white & native populations. Source: [link]
Indies can't read Latin in the 1870s because Netherlands didn't establish schools for Indies natives up until 1900 in Dutch Ethical Period. Source: [link] But she can read Arabic, Sanskrit, ancient Java/Sumatera/Borneo/Celebes texts. She just can't read Latin."
"Ambtenaar = pemerintah kota = civil officer."
"In my experience, westerners (my Australian teachers, my American uncle & cousins) don't eat rujak with their bumbu rujak (peanut sauce). I find it funny. I can't find an English word for jambu fruit aside from rose apple. Yes, Indonesians are crazy for peanut sauce, soybean products, coconut milk, and sambal (spicy sauce). Source: [link]"
"The Kama Sutra (Sanskrit: कामसूत्र, Kāmasūtra) is an ancient Indian Hindu text widely considered to be the standard work on human sexual behavior in Sanskrit literature written by Vātsyāyana.... Contrary to popular perception, especially in the Western world, the Kama Sutra is not an exclusive sex manual; it presents itself as a guide to a virtuous and gracious living that discusses the nature of love, family life, and other aspects pertaining to pleasure-oriented faculties of human life. Source: [link]"
"China's “Unequal treaty” is a term used in specific reference to a number of treaties imposed by Western powers, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, on Qing Dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan... Source: [link]
Chinese indenture/ manual labor - coolie: Coolie (variously spelled Cooli, Cooly, Kuli, Quli, Koelie, etc.) is a historical term for manual labourers or slaves from Asia, particularly China and India, during the 19th century and early 20th century. Source: [link]"
"The Java War or Diponegoro War was fought in Java between 1825 and 1830. It started as a rebellion led by Prince Diponegoro. The proximate cause was the Dutch decision to build a road across a piece of his property that contained his parents' tomb. Source: [link]"
"The Dutch army lost thousands of European soldiers and a much larger number of "native" soldiers in the Java War (1825-1830), and at the same time saw its own population base diminished by the independence of Belgium (1830). To counter this, the Netherlands recruited soldiers from the Dutch Gold Coast (Ghana) for the Dutch East Indies Army. This recruitment of the so-called Belanda Hitam (Indonesian for "Black Dutchmen") started in 1831. Source: [link]"
"In the remainder of the 19th century, the Dutch Gold Coast (Ghana) slowly fell into disarray. The only substantial development during this period was the recruitment of soldiers for the Dutch East Indies Army."
"After long negotiations, an agreement with King Kwaku Dua I was made... the king sent the young Ashanti princes Kwasi Boachi and Kwame Poku with General Verveer to take with him to the Netherlands, so that they could receive a good education." [more notes below]
"India as a sepoy when he was still with the East India Company. A sepoy (pronounced /ˈsiːpɔɪ/) (from Persian سپاهی Sipâhi meaning "soldier") was formerly the designation given to an Indian soldier in the service of a European power. Source: [link]"
"Proportion of the total manpower of all British garrisons in the empire, the Indian Army accounted for well over half (62%)... The Liberal politician W.E. Forster complained in 1878 that the government was relying 'not upon the patriotism and spirit of our own people' but on getting 'Gurkhas and Sikhs and Mussulmen to fight for us.' There was even a music hall parody on the subject: We don't want to fight, / But, by Jingo, if we do, / We won't go to the front ourselves, / We'll send the mild Hindoo. Source: Empire, by Niall Ferguson, 2003."
Extra notes:
Belgium Revolution: "The Belgian Revolution was the conflict which led to the secession of the Southern provinces from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and established an independent Kingdom of Belgium... Source: [link] Belgian Revolution (1830) happened at the same time as the Java War (1825-1830)."
Belanda Hitam: "This recruitment of the so-called Belanda Hitam (Indonesian for "Black Dutchmen") started in 1831 as an emergency measure as the Dutch army lost thousands of European soldiers and a much larger number of "native" soldiers in the Java War (1825-1830), and at the same time saw its own population base diminished by the independence of Belgium (1830). As the Dutch wanted the number of natives in the Dutch East Indies Army to be limited to roughly half the total strength, to maintain the loyalty of native forces, the addition of forces from the Gold Coast seemed an ideal opportunity to keep the army at strength and loyal at the same time. It was also hoped that the African soldiers would be more resistant to the tropical climate and tropical diseases of the Dutch East Indies than European soldiers. In 1836, the Dutch government had decided to recruit soldiers via the King of Ashanti. General Jan Verveer arrived for this purpose in Elmina on November 1st, 1836, and went to the Ashanti capital of Kumasi with a delegation of about 900 people. After long negotiations, an agreement with King Kwaku Dua I was made. A recruitment depot was established in Kumasi, and furthermore, the king sent the young Ashanti princes Kwasi Boachi and Kwame Poku with General Verveer to take with him to the Netherlands, so that they could receive a good education. Kwasi Boachi later received an education at the forerunner of Delft University and became the first black Dutch mining engineer in the Dutch East Indies. Dutch author Arthur Japin wrote a novel about the life of the two princes with De zwarte met het witte hart (1997). Source : [link]" "Between 1831 and 1872, some 3,000 African recruits sailed from Elmina to Batavia (now Jakarta), the capital of the Netherlands East Indies... In Java, the African soldiers and their descendants became known as 'Belanda Hitam' - Black Dutchmen. An army career became a family tradition, for many sons and grandsons of the African soldiers also served in the Dutch army... Various options were explored to find new sources of manpower to supply the army in the East Indies, by far the most profitable part of the Dutch colonial empire. Thus, the Department of Colonies turned to the almost forgotten Dutch Possessions on the Guinea Coast, where commercial activity was at a low ebb following the abolition of the slave trade in 1814... The African soldiers were counted as part of the European contingent. Their conditions of service were mostly the same as those of Europeans, and considerably better than those of the indigenous soldiers. In due course, the Indo-Africans became part of Indo-European society: they spoke Dutch as their mother tongue, their children attended Dutch schools, and they held Dutch nationality. Source : [link]"
"Alcohol monopoly: "During British occupation in Indonesia(1811-1816), Britain had the monopoly of the gambling & alcohol business in Indonesia. Alcohol was so scarce, a drunk gambler made a song of the hardship: "Tis impossible daily to drink / Port, Madeira, Brandy, Beer: / Tis impossible to eat beef and curry, / Stinking fare, English Sir!" (Source: Lea.E.Williams, "Indonesia's Chinese Educate Raffles", 1956)
Haraam (Arabic: حرام) (often haram) is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden". In Islam, it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith. Its antonym is halal. The religious term haraam can be applied to: 1)certain behaviours, such as adultery or abuse and profane language. 2)certain objects and sacrilege. 3)certain foods or food ingredients, such as pork or alcohol. 4)and also to foods, objects, and people that would normally be halal but which were tarnished in some other way, for example, meat slaughtered in a non-permitted way."
"The First Anglo-Burmese War (Burmese: ပထမ အင်္ဂလိပ် မြန်မာ စစ်; [pətʰəma̰ ɪ́ɴɡəleiʔ mjəmà sɪʔ]; 5 March 1824 – 24 February 1826) was the first of three wars fought between the British and Burmese Empires in the 19th century. The war, which began primarily over the control of northeastern India, ended in a decisive British victory, giving the British total control of Assam, Manipur, Cachar, and Jaintia as well as Arakan and Tenasserim. The Burmese were also forced to pay an indemnity of one million pounds sterling and sign a commercial treaty. The war was the longest and most expensive war in British Indian history. Fifteen thousand European and Indian soldiers died, together with an unknown number of Burmese army and civilian casualties. The campaign cost the British five million pounds sterling to 13 million pounds sterling (roughly 18.5 billion to 48 billion in 2006 US dollars), which led to a severe economic crisis in British India in 1833. Source: [link]"
"The First Opium War (1839–42), also known as the First Anglo-Chinese War, was the first of two Opium Wars fought between Great Britain and the Qing Dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice. Chinese officials wished to stop what they thought was an outflow of silver and to control the spread of opium, and confiscated supplies of the drug from British traders. They did not understand that the British government, though it did not deny China's right to control imports, would object to this seizure and had a newly developed military power to enforce violent redress. In 1842, the Treaty of Nanking—the first of what the Chinese later called the Unequal Treaties— though it did not mention either opium or diplomatic relations, granted an indemnity to Britain, the opening of five treaty ports, and the cession of Hong Kong Island, thereby ending the trade monopoly of the Canton System. The war is now considered in China as the beginning of modern Chinese history. Source: [link]
The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between British India and Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842. It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th-century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between the United Kingdom and Russia, and also marked one of the worst setbacks inflicted on British power in the region after the consolidation of the British Raj by the East India Company. Source: [link]"
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