Pain in a Multicultural World:
An Intersectionality Inquiry
Active Project 

Pain is not only a biological experience but also a deeply social and structural one, shaped by racism, heterosexism, economic marginalization, linguistic barriers, cultural norms, and the intersecting identities individuals carry. Despite chronic pain affecting more than 50 million Americans, pain in racially and ethnically minoritized communities remains chronically under-recognized, poorly assessed, and undertreated. These inequities are rooted in a research landscape that has historically privileged narrow comparisons (e.g., Black–White) while overlooking the rich heterogeneity within racial/ethnic groups and the compounding effects of multiple marginalized identities. An intersectionality framework is therefore essential to understand not simply who is in pain, but how systems, identities, and contexts converge to shape that pain. 

Guided by this framework, HEAL’s work investigates how layered vulnerabilities, such as racism, heterosexism, food insecurity, financial distress, and cultural or linguistic barriers, interact to influence pain perceptions, health behaviors, and long-term outcomes. Just as importantly, the research examines protective and strength-based factors that emerge from these same communities, including critical consciousness, collectivism, belonging, and hopefulness. Rather than approaching minoritized individuals solely through a deficit lens, this work illuminates the cultural resources, resilience capacities, and sociopolitical awareness that actively shape adaptation and healing. 

Using a mixed-methods design and recruiting exclusively from diverse racial, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds, the project investigates both between-group disparities and within-group heterogeneity. These insights form the foundation for developing culturally grounded pain assessments, communication strategies, and interventions that more accurately reflect the lived experiences of underserved communities. 

Ultimately, this research advances a more holistic and socially conscious understanding of chronic pain, one that recognizes pain as a product of bodies, relationships, structures, and identities. Findings from this work offer critical guidance for equitable pain care, culturally responsive policy, and future clinical interventions that honor both the suffering and the strength within minoritized communities.

Future Directions:

Building on this intersectional foundation, future research will investigate culturally informed pathways for assessment, treatment, and intervention, including testing strength-based, culturally grounded psychological approaches in pain care. Additional planned work will expand analyses of within-group variation, explore immigration and linguistic factors in greater depth, and develop clinical tools that integrate cultural context, social justice frameworks, and identity-specific experiences of pain. These insights aim to inform equitable public health policies and NIH HEAL-aligned initiatives dedicated to transforming chronic pain care for historically underserved communities.