Starship Troopers is a 1997 American science fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier, based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert A. Heinlein. Set in the 23rd century, the story follows teenager Johnny Rico and his friends serving in the military of the United Citizen Federation, an Earth world government engaged in interstellar war with an alien species of Arachnids. The film stars Casper Van Dien, Dina Meyer, Denise Richards, Jake Busey, Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Muldoon, and Michael Ironside.
Progress of the Starship Troopers adaptation remained slow for the next few years as TriStar regularly replaced executives, including Medavoy, and high-value or risky projects were more closely scrutinized.[25][20][4] Even so, Davison spent much of 1993 securing several key crew including Tippett and their other RoboCop collaborator, Paul Verhoeven.[26] According to Neumeier and Davison, they had only ever considered Verhoeven as the director because they determined the fantastical creatures, genre, and political subtext suited his creative sensibilities.[a] Verhoeven said, "I like science fiction movies. I mean, the Star Wars series is delightful, you know? ... but the main reason I decided to do Starship Troopers was Phil Tippett. I had worked with Phil on RoboCop and felt that was really interesting ..." Verhoeven considered himself the director of the live characters, and described Tippett as effectively his co-director, leading filming of the creatures.[29] Verhoeven also brought in Alan Marshall as a producer, having worked with him on Basic Instinct (1992) and his current project, Showgirls (1995).[30] Verhoeven was in need of a promising project as, despite his previous successes in the early 1990s, his efforts to develop the pirate adventure Mistress of the Seas and the Arnold Schwarzenegger-starring Crusade had failed. Additionally, Showgirls had failed financially at the box office and earned him the worst reviews of his career.[28][31][32]
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In casting Starship Troopers, Verhoeven wanted a cast who visually embodied the caucasian, blonde, blue-eyed, and beautiful image he had perceived in Triumph of the Will (1935) and Olympia (1938), the Nazi propaganda films by Leni Riefenstahl.[e] He described it as "an idiotic story, young people go to fight bugs, so I felt the human characters should have a comic-book look".[20] The search initially focused on popular, well-known film actors aged between their late teens and early twenties, but he realized that many of the contemporary stars were already in their thirties or already committed to other projects.[72] Although television actors were still generally ignored when casting films, the production looked at shows such as Melrose Place and Beverly Hills, 90210, which featured young, photogenic, but less well known actors, such as Van Dien, Richards, and Meyer.[28][72][13] Verhoeven later said Starship Troopers could have benefitted from casting actors for their ability instead of looks.[13]
About six main actors, including Van Dien, Meyer, Busey, Gilliam and Curnal Aulisio, as well as twenty-four extras undertook a 12-day boot camp training session under Dale Dye from April 17, 1996, to the first day of filming.[85] Taking place in Hell's Half Acre, the boot camp taught basic combat skills and tactics as Dye perceived they may evolve centuries in the future.[86] Activities included a daily 3 mi (4.8 km) run and other physical training in the very thin air of the area which was 6,000 ft (1,800 m) above sea level, how to march, perform maneuveurs, and handle weapons. Those involved slept in open-air military tents, dealing with the harsh conditions including 2 ft (0.61 m) of snow and ice following a blizzard, and windstorms, and some people did drop out. Extra Julia Rupkalvis later helped Dye train the hundreds of extras portraying troopers.[87] As Richards was not in the Infantry cast she did not have to participate, but she chose to anyway, remarking how she, Van Dien and Busey bonded while huddling together for warmth during the blizzard.[20]
Starship Troopers was initially scheduled for release on July 2, 1997, but was later pushed back to July 25, then September, and finally November 7.[127][20][58] These shifts were reportedly made to allow more time to complete special effects work and increase public awareness of the film, but it was also thought that Air Force One, which starred well-known actors like Harrison Ford, and Men in Black were more commercially viable options for Sony Pictures.[128][20] Alan Marshall stated that no one involved in the production was happy about moving an anticipated summer blockbuster to the autumn.[127][129] The first trailer for Starship Troopers was released in November 1996, in front of Star Trek: First Contact, with the second playing before Men in Black and Air Force One in 1997.[130]
To Heinlein's surprise,[72] Starship Troopers won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1960.[73] It has been acknowledged as one of the best-known and most influential works of science fiction.[2][11][22] The novel is considered a landmark for the genre, having been described by a 1960 review as one of the ten best genre books of 1959,[74] in a 2009 review as a key science fiction novel of the 1950s,[15] and as the best-known example of military science fiction.[75] It was also a personal landmark for Heinlein; it was one of his best-selling books, and is one of his most widely known novels.[11] The novel has been described as marking Heinlein's transition from writing juvenile fiction to a "more mature phase" as an author.[3] Reviewing the book with others written for children, Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Science Fiction wrote in 1960 that "Heinlein has penned a juvenile that really is not. This is a new and bitter and disillusioned Heinlein". Rating it 2.5 stars out of five for children, 4.5 stars for adults, and "?" for civilians, he believed that the novel would be "of exceptional interest to veterans with battle experience ... but youngsters will find it melancholy and verbose".[76] Conversely, Michael Moorcock described it as Heinlein's last "straight" science fiction, before he turned to more serious writing such as Stranger in a Strange Land.[77]
Starship Troopers is generally considered to promote militarism, the glorification of war and of the military.[15] Scholar Bruce Franklin referred to it in 1980 as a "bugle-blowing, drum-beating glorification" of military service, and wrote that militarism and imperialism were the explicit message of the book.[16][84] Science fiction writer Dean McLaughlin called it "a book-length recruiting poster".[85] In 1968 science fiction critic Alexei Panshin called Starship Troopers a militaristic polemic and compared it to a recruiting film, stating that it "purports to show the life of a typical soldier, with a soundtrack commentary by earnest sincere Private Jones who interprets what we see for us." Panshin stated that there was no "sustained human conflict" in the book: instead, "All the soldiers we see are tough, smart, competent, cleancut, clean-shaven, and noble."[86] Panshin, a veteran of the peacetime military, argued that Heinlein glossed over the reality of military life, and that the Terran Federation-Arachnid conflict existed simply because, "Starship troopers are not half so glorious sitting on their butts polishing their weapons for the tenth time for lack of anything else to do."[86] Literature scholar George Slusser, in describing the novel as "wrong-headed and retrogressive", argued that calling its ideology militarism or imperialism was inadequate, as these descriptions suggested an economic motive. Slusser instead says that Heinlein advocates for a complete "technological subjugation of nature", of which the Arachnids are a symbol, and that this subjugation itself is depicted as a sign of human advancement.[84]
Writers such as Farmer, Robert A. W. Lowndes, and Michael Moorcock have criticized the novel for being a hypothetical utopia, in the sense that while Heinlein's ideas sound plausible, they have never been put to the test. Moorcock wrote an essay entitled "Starship Stormtroopers" in which he attacked Heinlein and other writers over similar "Utopian fiction".[77] Lowndes accused Heinlein of using straw man arguments, "countering ingenuous half-truths with brilliant half-truths".[93] Lowndes further argued that the Terran Federation could never be as idealistic as Heinlein portrays it to be because he never properly addressed "whether or not [non-citizens] have at least as full a measure of civil redress against official injustice as we have today".[93] Farmer agreed, arguing that a "world ruled by veterans would be as mismanaged, graft-ridden, and insane as one ruled by men who had never gotten near the odor of blood and guts".[94]
Death Star TrooperGeneral informationLocation(s)DS-1 Orbital Battle Station[1]Death Star II[2]Endor[2]Other informationAffiliationGalactic Empire[1]Imperial Navy[3][Source]Death Star troopers were elite personnel deployed aboard the first Death Star,[4][3] also referred to as Imperial trooper guards and Death Star sentries,[5]. They were superseded by the more widely-deployed Imperial Navy troopers,[4][6] but similar units were again stationed on the second Death Star and at the associated Endor shield generator bunker.[2]
Death Star troopers wore distinctive black uniforms with swooping helmets and long gauntlets.[1] They were often found in security roles, guarding areas like conference rooms and detention blocks, providing escort for prisoners, or deploying alongside stormtroopers.[1] Troopers with these responsibilities wore a uniform that was different from the standard Imperial type, with a less structured tunic and trousers and shorter boots, and were generally armed with an E-11 blaster rifle or a DH-17 blaster pistol in a belt holster.[1] 589ccfa754
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