This paper describes the development and concurrent validation of a group-administered measure of field-dependence/independence for early elementary children. Following the procedure used to validate the Children's Group Embedded Figures Test (Level 2, 9 to 11 yr.), a validation study of a group test for younger children was undertaken with a second-grade sample (N = 77). The test was reliable (alpha = .84) and significantly related to both the individually administered Children's Embedded Figures Test (r = .56) and Portable Rod-and-frame Test (r = .57). This measure, designated the Children's Group Embedded Figures Test--Level 1, provides a promising research instrument for assessing cognitive style of young children.

The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) is a timed psychological assessment consisting of 18 items pertaining to field dependence and field independence.[1] The GEFT was constructed by Herman A Witkin, Philip K. Oltman, Evelyn Raskin, and Stephen A. Karp with the goal to provide an adaptation of the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) for group testing.[2] The EFT was developed by Witkin to assess cognitive style and analytical ability by measuring field dependence and field independence[2] with figures suggested by Kurt Gottschaldt, a German psychologist and influencer of Gestalt psychology and theory.[3] The GEFT measurement places an individual on a spectrum between field dependence and field independence.[2]




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