Species Accounts

The rarest of the rare. See below for a brief account on each of the rarest or most sought after bird species recorded in the Great Lakes region. Each account follows a basic style:

Species Name

• • link to their regional eBird map

  • Number of records or frequency of occurrence 

  • Seasonality

  • Assumed mechanism of vagrancy.

  • Notes on their movement pattern relative to the Great Lakes Geography and habitat usage. 

  • Additional notes:

    • See more below!

    • etc. 

Fulvous Whistling-Duck

• • eBird map

  • Fewer modern records. A small irruption occurred in spring 2022. 

  • Most in spring (Apr-early June) and fall (Sep-Nov). Summer observations also occur. 

  • Anomalous warm air surges or storm-flee response may be the primary mechanisms of local vagrancy. Initial effects like breeding success, drought or flooding may initiate movements. 

  • Nocturnal or Diurnal Migrant? Associated with wetlands including ponds, sewage lagoons, coastal wetlands etc. Sometimes observed in active flight. 

  • Notes:

    • May be irruptive and/or may occur in small flocks. 

    • Beware juvenile Black-bellied Whistling-Duck in fall, which has started breeding in the region. 

    • Has been recorded locally as an escape from captivity; however, most records are considered natural occurrences. 

Tundra Bean-Goose

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1 ... or several records involving one bird ...

  • Mechanism: A great example of a bird that is adrift - a long term vagrant appearing more in far flung locations over time. 

  • Behaviour & Habitat: Followed a typical migratory and daily pattern to other migratory geese. 

  • Notes:

    • A well travelled bird from 2020-2022 in Ontario and New York (plus further south in Pennsylvania).

    • Prior to first appearing near Ottawa, Ontario in fall 2020 - the same (apparent) individual was in Regina, SK from fall 2019 to spring 2020. All observations show a white spot at the bill base on the right side of the head and no white on the left side (See reference images from Saskatchewan, Ontario and New York). 

Pink-footed Goose

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Barnacle Goose

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Garganey

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism: Assumed to be individuals that are adrift 

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Mottled Duck

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Mexican Duck

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1?

  • Mechanism: 

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Jul 22-24, 2022 - Huron, Ontario 

Tufted Duck

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Common Eider

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Smew

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Masked Duck

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Willow Ptarmigan

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Via MBWBirds - There is a 2009 photograph from St. Louis Co. MN of a leucistic/albino Spruce Grouse which looks remarkably like a ptarmigan.

Rock Ptarmigan

• • eBird map

  • Records: Two (?) from Minnesota. May 20, 1996 and Apr 19, 2022. 

  • Mechanism: Presumably a combination of mirror-image vagrancy and incremental vagrancy following an irruptive migratory movement the previous fall/winter. 

  • Behaviour & Habitat: Presumably tame with sporadic distribution of possible future records. May be concentrated by shorelines. 

  • Notes:

    • Photo of the Apr 2022 (MN) record via the Minnesota Ornithologists’ Union website. 

    • Via MBWBirds - There is a 2009 photograph from St. Louis Co. MN of a leucistic/albino Spruce Grouse which looks remarkably like a ptarmigan.

American Flamingo

• • eBird map

  • Records: 

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Case Study: American Flamingoes in the Great Lakes (Video; 2023 records)

Clark's Grebe

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Band-tailed Pigeon

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Inca Dove

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Common Ground Dove

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Smooth-billed Ani

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Groove-billed Ani

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Lesser Nighthawk

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism: spring overshoot / storm driven vagrancy. 

  • Behaviour & Habitat: 

  • Notes:

    • May 8, 2019 - Norfolk, Ontario - Found deceased. 

    • Apr 29, 1974 - Essex, Ontario - foraging at dusk. 

Black Swift

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2+

  • Mechanism: 

  • Behaviour & Habitat: Observed in active flight - shoreline concentration. 

  • Notes:

    • May 17, 2009 - Essex, Ontario 

    • May 21, 2009 - Norfolk, Ontario 

White-throated Swift

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism: Storm-driven vagrancy? 

  • Behaviour & Habitat: Likely to be observed in flight. 

  • Notes:

    • Apr 2, 2006 - N. Ohio

    • Aug ?, 1926 - Michigan 

White-collared Swift: 

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism: Austral Migrant / vagrant. Strong long-distance warm / humid southerly flow likely required. 

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Jun 10, 2002 - White-collared Swift New to Ontario and Canada 

    • May 19, 2006 - Michigan

Mexican Violetear

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Green-breasted Mango

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black-chinned Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Field Identification of Archilochus Hummingbirds (2001)

Costa's Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Allen's Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

  • Check order

Broad-tailed Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Anna's Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Calliope Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Broad-billed Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

White-eared Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Buff-bellied Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Berylline Hummingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Purple Gallinule

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black Rail

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Limpkin

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Whooping Crane

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Common Crane

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Southern Lapwing

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Northern Lapwing

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

American Oystercatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Eurasian Dotterel

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Common Ringed Plover

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Siberian Sand-Plover

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Wilson's Plover

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Mountain Plover

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Snowy Plover

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Long-billed Curlew

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black-tailed Godwit

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Bar-tailed Godwit

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Surfbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Marsh Sandpiper

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Common Redshank

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Spotted Redshank

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black Turnstone

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

  • Check order

Greenland Dunlin 

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • First "Greenland" Dunlin for Ontario and Canada (1994)

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Curlew Sandpiper

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Little Stint

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Red-necked Stint

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Atlantic Puffin

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Long-billed Murrelet

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • First Record of the Asiatic Marbled Murrelet in Ontario - Oct 11, 1993

    • Tompkins County, New York - Dec 17, 2001

Black Guillemot

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Cayuga County, New York - Oct 30, 2004

Thick-billed Murre

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Razorbill

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Dovekie

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Ancient Murrelet

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Ross's Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Ivory Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black-tailed Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Heermann's Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Common Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Mew Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Yellow-legged Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • No confirmed records. An interesting candidate was photographed in Michigan in Jan 2025. 

European Herring Gull

• eBird map

• Records:

• Mechanism:

• Behaviour & Habitat:

• Notes:

  • European Herring Gull in Ontario. Notes on an accepted specimen record from 1974; however, it is my opinion that the identification is incorrect. Further notes to follow. 

Vega Herring Gull

• eBird map

• Records:

• Mechanism:

• Behaviour & Habitat:

• Notes:

  • "Vega" Herring Gull in Algoma District: A new taxon for Ontario (2010)

Kelp Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Likely adult from Michigan in May 2022.

    • A possible adult from Michigan in May 2015. Birds like "Gull Nasty" a presumed dark Kelp x Herring hybrid (or backcross) adds to the challenge. 

Glaucous-winged Gull

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black Skimmer

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Large-billed Tern

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Least Tern

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Roseate Tern

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

    • Check spot 

Gull-billed Tern

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

White-winged Tern

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Sandwich Tern 

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Elegant Tern

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Royal Tern

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Arctic Loon

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Yellow-billed Loon

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatross

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Yellow-nosed Albatross - First Record for Ontario (2010)

Band-rumped Storm-Petrel

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Wilson's Storm-Petrel

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Leach's Storm-Petrel

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black-capped Petrel

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Trindade Petrel

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Mottled Petrel

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Cory's Shearwater

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Great Shearwater

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • First Occurrence of the Greater Shearwater in Ontario (1997)

Manx Shearwater

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Audubon's Shearwater

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Short-tailed Shearwater

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Case Study: Short-tailed Shearwater Invasion of 2024 (video)

Northern Fulmar

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Wood Stork

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Magnificent Frigatebird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Lesser Frigatebird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Northern Gannet

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Brown Booby

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Anhinga 

• eBird map

• Records:

• Mechanism:

• Behaviour & Habitat:

• Notes:

  • Text

  • Potential Historical Records of Anhinga in Ontario

Great Cormorant

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Brown Pelican

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Reddish Egret

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Little Egret

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

White Ibis

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Roseate Spoonbill

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

White-tailed Kite

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Snail Kite

• • eBird map

  • Records: One. Presque Isle, Pennsylvania - Oct 22, 2019

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Finder's eBird checklist with notes and photos 

    • PA Birds - Snail Kite record page

White-tailed Eagle

• • eBird map

  • Records: One. Derby Hill, NY - Apr 24, 1993

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat: 

  • Notes:

    • A White-tailed Eagle at Derby Hill, New York (North American Birds)

    • Detailed eBird checklist including history, notes and sketches

Harris's Hawk

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Short-tailed Hawk

• • eBird map

  • Records: One. Whitefish Point, MI - Nov 19-20, 2005

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • MBRC Photo Page - eBird checklist with photos 

Ferruginous Hawk

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Burrowing Owl

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Williamson's Sapsucker

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Red-naped Sapsucker

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

  • Ohio TBD 

Lewis's Woodpecker

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Acorn Woodpecker

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Red-cockaded Woodpecker

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black Merlin

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

  • https://ebird.org/checklist/S11761066 

Prairie Falcon

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Crested Caracara

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Small-billed Elaenia

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Western Wood-Pewee

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Gray Flycatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Dusky Flycatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Hammond's Flycatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Western Flycatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Identification of Yellow-bellied and “Western” Flycatchers (1999)

Vermilion Flycatcher 

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Great Kiskadee

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Variegated Flycatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Tropical Kingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Couch's Kingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Cassin's Kingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Thick-billed Kingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Gray Kingbird

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~20

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Fork-tailed Flycatcher

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black-capped Vireo

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Apr 27, 1991 - Long Point (Norfolk), Ontario 

    • Black-capped Vireo: New to Canada (1991)

Gray Vireo

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Oct 3, 1964 - Sheboygan, WI - ebird checklist with photos

Plumbeous Vireo

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Clark's Nutcracker

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Carolina Chickadee

• eBird map

• Records: lots

• Mechanism:

• Behaviour & Habitat:

• Notes:

  • The Ontario Specimen of Carolina Chickadee (published 1988). A worthwhile read about the age and subspecies of the first Canadian record - but also how preliminary analysis can be further updated or corrected. 

  • Identification Criteria for Carolina Chickadee as a vagrant in the Great Lakes. 

Violet-green Swallow

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Observations and interspecific pairing of a Violet-green Swallow and Tree Swallow in northwestern Ontario (2017)

Yellow-browed Warbler 

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Brown-headed Nuthatch

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~5

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Pygmy Nuthatch

• • eBird map

  • Records: 0?

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text-include?

Rock Wren 

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Curve-billed Thrasher

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Fieldfare

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Siberian Rubythroat

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Phainopepla

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~5

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Sprague's Pipit

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

White Wagtail

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Brambling

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Cassin's Finch

• • eBird map

  • Records: 3

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Identification of female Cassins’s and Purple Finches (2000)

Lesser Goldfinch

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~5

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Chestnut-collared Longspur

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~20

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Thick-billed (Short-grass) Longspur

• • eBird map

  • Records: 3

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Cassin's Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Bachman's Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Brewer's Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~15

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Black-throated Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Golden-crowned Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Sagebrush Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Baird's Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~3

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Baird’s Sparrow – Migration, Vagrancy, and Identification (2002)

Rufous-crowned Sparrow

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Nov 25, 2000 - Waukesha, WI - archive photo

Green-tailed Towhee

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Hooded Oriole

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Streak-backed Oriole

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Jan 1998 - ebird checklist with photos of specimen

Bullock's Oriole

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Scott's Oriole

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~5

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Shiny Cowbird

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Jun 3, 2017 - Whitefish Point (Chippewa), MI - ebird checklist with photos 

Bronzed Cowbird

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Oct 21, 2015 -St. Lawrence, NY - finders ebird checklist with photos

Great-tailed Grackle

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Swainson's Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Lucy's Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Nov 12, 2011 - Whitefish Point (Chippewa), MI - finders ebird checklist with notes and photos

Virginia's Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~15

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

MacGillivray's Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10 

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Grace's Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Sep 8, 2003 - Montrose Point (Cook), IL - archive photo

    • May 4, 2016 - Point Pelee (Essex), ON - finders ebird checklist with notes and photos

Black-throated Gray Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Townsend's Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Hermit Warbler

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Painted Redstart

• • eBird map

  • Records: ~10 records

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Hepatic Tanager

• • eBird map

  • Records: 3

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Oct 20, 2015 - Whitefish Point (Chippewa), MI - finders ebird checklist with photo

    • Dec 3, 2017 - Keweenaw, MI - ebird checklist with notes and photos

    • May 14, 2022 - Halton, ON - finders ebird checklist with photos

Flame-coloured Tanager

• • eBird map

  • Records: 1

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Apr 30, 2023 - Milwaukee, WI - finders ebird checklist with photos

Pyrrhuloxia

• • eBird map

  • Records: 2

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Dec 23, 2004 - Elgin, ON - ebird checklist with notes, ebird checklist with photos

    • Oct 22, 2005 - Milwaukee, WI - finders ebird checklist with notes

Black-headed Grosbeak

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Lazuli Bunting

• • eBird map

  • Records:

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • Text

Varied Bunting

• • eBird map

  • Records: 3 

  • Mechanism:

  • Behaviour & Habitat:

  • Notes:

    • May 4, 1995 - Long Point (Norfolk), ON - finders ebird checklist with photos

    • May 5, 2018 - Allegheny, PA - ebird checklist with photos

    • May 4, 2024 - Ozaukee, WI - finders ebird checklist with photos,