Grade 12 Caps Textbooks Download

Siyavula is working to address the problem of poor outcomes in Mathematics and Physical Sciences, and producing affordable textbooks that are accessible to learners is one cost-effective way of doing this. With over a million learners entering Grade 8 this year, our new textbook will support both learners and teachers who are looking for high-quality content.

Alexandra Trinder-Smith, Executive Head of the Siyavula Foundation, highlights the benefit of open, free textbooks: "We see that our Mathematics textbooks for Grades 10-12 are read by more than a million users each year in South Africa alone, mostly on phones and in response to online searches. This highlights the value and need that exists for comprehensive, free, and open textbooks, and so we were excited to partner with Unicef to develop a Grade 8 Mathematics textbook."

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Our textbooks are far more than simply static information. Each chapter includes many interactive questions that learners can actually do. These questions are marked automatically and come with fully-worked solutions, giving learners immediate feedback on where they may be going wrong, and addressing any misconceptions.

ACE is the Aerospace Connections in Education program. Curriculum includes 22+ cross-curricular lessons per grade level using the aerospace theme to promote academics with a STEAM focus (STEM + Art), character ed, and physical fitness.

Each grade level guide can be downloaded from eServices, as noted above, with a click on the K guide to lead to all other guides opening.

Our goal for math in the primary grades is the mastery of basic facts. One of the most effective ways to help students achieve mastery is simply to practice. With daily timed drills, Memoria Math Challenge is designed to give students that math practice and also to help the teacher measure students' immediate recall. We start with addition, subtraction, and number dictation in kindergarten, and ramp up to 200 daily problems by the end of first grade. If students are able to master their math facts in the primary years, they can devote more time to complex math operations in grammar school and upper school.

Composition & Sketchbook II features a single page spread with open space for drawing on the top half of the page and seven 1/2" ruled lines for writing on the bottom half of the page. The divided structure and grade-appropriate spacing helps your young learner build confidence as they learn the craft of writing well.

The More StoryTime Treasures Teacher Guide gives you all the answers to the questions, vocabulary, and activities found in More StoryTime Treasures, as well as essential and recommended phonetic activities for every lesson, so you have the tools you need to guide your student through this first grade literature program!

After completing our Kindergarten phonics program, first graders are prepared to plunge right into real books, such as the five little classics in the StoryTime Treasures set. Books to be read along with the StoryTime Treasures program include Little Bear, Frog and Toad are Friends, Caps for Sale, and Make Way for Ducklings.

The StoryTime Treasures Teacher Guide, Third Edition gives you all the answers to the questions, vocabulary, and activities, found in StoryTime Treasures, as well as essential and recommended phonetic activities for every lesson, so you have the tools you need to guide your student through this first grade literature program!

Reading is a subject that should continue through the summer to avoid regression. These new summer reading journals are the perfect way to encourage young children to continue working on reading fluency as well as exposing them to good literature. The font size gets smaller for each journal and each page is divided in half for drawing and writing small summaries. 100 Days of Summer Reading: Book Two for rising second graders encourages students to read high quality literature and think deeply about what they have read.

Memoria Press is proud to introduce the Traditional Spelling series. It is a comprehensive, phonetic approach to teaching spelling, and is the culmination of our primary Reading & Phonics program. It is designed to follow completion of the Kindergarten Curriculum Package or First Start Reading Books A-D, which ensure students have mastered reading "consonant-vowel-consonant" words with short vowels. Paired with StoryTime and More StoryTime Treasures in first grade, or with the literature study guides in second grade, Traditional Spelling provides your student with an extensive mastery-based study of phonics for spelling and reading. Begin this program with Traditional Spelling I.

Retrograde urine flow from the bladder to the upper urinary tract is known as vesicoureteric reflux. This article illustrates the anatomy and pathophysiology of vesicoureteric reflux, its clinical presentation, and various diagnostic methods. This activity also reviews the evaluation and management of vesicoureteral reflux and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and improving care for patients with this condition.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde urine flow from the urinary bladder to the upper urinary tract. It is often genetic. VUR can be asymptomatic or associated with severe nephropathy. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of VUR can salvage the kidneys. Voiding cystourethrogram (VCU) is the gold standard method of diagnosis. VCU findings decide VUR gradings. Clinical presentation and VUR grade determine the treatment plan.

Connect the bottle of water-soluble to the catheter via a tube. Place the bottle at a height to allow a gravity drip of contrast. The height of the contrast bottle should be at least 3 feet above the patient's table. However, the tubing's caliber (connected to this contrast bottle) limits the pressure, and height above 3 feet is relatively unimportant. Place the bottle at a lower height in patients with recent bladder surgery to maintain lower pressure filling.[2] After confirming the appropriate catheter position under fluoroscopy, contrast is allowed to drip into the bladder. Perform pulsed fluoroscopy to monitor contrast filling into the bladder. Use collimation to minimize radiation dosage to the patient. Fill the bladder retrogradely until voiding occurs (in non-toilet trained patients). Fill the bladder in toilet-trained children and adults until they want to micturate. The bladder is usually filled until twice its capacity. The formula for bladder capacity in ml: < 2 years: (weight in kilogram) x 7; 2 to 14 years: (age in years x 30) + 30; >14: years- 500.[4]

Stop the contrast filling if the patient feels pain or discomfort. Obtain fluoroscopic images of the bladder in anteroposterior, right anterior oblique, left anterior oblique, and lateral projections during early filling and when it is distended with contrast. Early filling images are useful to identify ureterocele. It is missed when the bladder is fully distended. Imaging of the full bladder is necessary to document its contour and shape. Document any wall irregularity, filing defects, or masses within the bladder. Oblique projections are useful to demonstrate grade I VUR (discussed later). A contrast-filled urinary bladder may obscure contrast reflux in the lower ureter in the supine position. Lateral imaging helps to identify urachal pathology.

Obtain anteroposterior fluoroscopic spot image in reflux occurs. Include renal fossa to evaluate the VUR grade. Record the volume of the bladder at the time of reflux. Acquire oblique images of the bladder during reflux to evaluate the insertion of the ureter into the bladder. Once the bladder is full to its maximum estimated capacity, ask the patient to void around the catheter. Adult males are more comfortable voiding while standing or when the table is tilted to 30-35 degrees. Acquire fluoroscopic spot images of the urethra when the patient starts to void.

Grading of VUR is not possible if urinary tract obstruction coexists (e.g., pelviureteric obstruction). Dilatation and tortuosity are not necessarily due to VUR alone. It is often due to obstruction and may overestimate VUR grade.[6] Obtain delayed imaging after a few minutes of voiding in suspected urinary tract obstruction.[5] e24fc04721