Herbicide safener, also known as an antidote or protectant, is used to protect crops from herbicide damage, thereby increasing crop safety and improving weeds. The addition of safeners to herbicides is a means of artificially imparting selectivity to herbicides to improve the resistance of crops. Its role also includes selective herbicide synergists to expand the herbicide's herbicidal spectrum Does not increase the phytotoxicity to crops.
Although the mechanism of action of safeners to protect crops from herbicides has so far been inconclusive, four hypotheses have been proposed to explain their mode of action:
(1) safeners may interfere with herbicide uptake and transport;
(2) safeners may compete with herbicide receptors and target sites; (3) safeners enhance herbicide elimination in crops;
(4) a combination of the above modes of action. Structure-activity theory (QSAR) and glutathione conjugation theory are the two most common mechanistic explanations.
They are classified by compound Dichloroacetamides, oxime ethers, carboxylic acid derivatives, sulfonic acid derivatives, oxazoles, thiazoles, and other heterocyclic compounds, ketones, and their products.
Classification by structure Naphthalene acid anhydrides, dichloroacetamides, oxime ethers, heterocycles, sulfonylureas (amines), plant growth regulators, herbicides, and fungicides.
According to the mode of action and the principle of action, it is classified as combined, decomposable, anti-antibody, and compensation.
At present, due to the wide application of herbicides and the continuous emergence of herbicide phytotoxicity problems, the research on herbicide safeners is very active, and new compounds with safener functions have been developed one after another. The protected crops are corn, rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, rye, cotton, soybean, etc.