The models were created by father and son Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka, nineteenth century glass artisans who perfected their family craft. Their lineage of jewelers and glassmakers trace as far back as the fifteenth century.

The parts were shaped after the glass was softened by heat. Some models were blown. Colored glass was used for many, others were "cold painted" with a thin wash of colored ground glass or metal oxide(s) and heated until the material fused to the model.


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Harvard Professor George Lincoln Goodale, founder of the Botanical Museum, wanted life-like representatives of the plant kingdom for teaching botany. At the time only crude papier-mch or wax models were available.

The life-size models include 847 species, with remarkably accurate anatomical sections and enlarged flower parts. Since the Glass Flowers are always in bloom, tropical and temperate species may be studied year-round.

We consider an Ising model in which the spins are coupled by infinite-ranged random interactions independently distributed with a Gaussian probability density. Both "spinglass" and ferromagnetic phases occur. The competition between the phases and the type of order present in each are studied.

The understanding of thermodynamic glass transition has been hindered by the lack of proper models beyond mean-field theories. Here, we propose a three-dimensional lattice glass model on a simple cubic lattice that exhibits the typical dynamics observed in fragile supercooled liquids such as two-step relaxation, super-Arrhenius growth in the relaxation time, and dynamical heterogeneity. Using advanced Monte Carlo methods, we compute the thermodynamic properties deep inside the glassy temperature regime, well below the onset temperature of the slow dynamics. The specific heat has a finite jump towards the thermodynamic limit with critical exponents close to those expected from the hyperscaling and the random first-order transition theory for the glass transition. We also study an effective free energy of glasses, the Franz-Parisi potential, as a function of the overlap between equilibrium and quenched configurations. The effective free energy indicates the existence of a first-order phase transition, consistent with the random first-order transition theory. These findings strongly suggest that the glassy dynamics of the model has its origin in thermodynamics.

The Hopfield model for a neural network is studied in the limit when the number p of stored patterns increases with the size N of the network, as p=N. It is shown that, despite its spin-glass features, the model exhibits associative memory forĀ 

If you buy the re-issue from a few years ago you will find a totally different car inside the box from that depicted on the cover. I'm not a fulll bottle on Barracudas but the car on the box is a second generation car with a squarish body and a flat back window while the model inside is the first generation with a rounder tail and the full wrap around rear window.

When I built mine, the chassis seemed to bear little resemblance to research photos I had - for starters, the photos showed an OEM style torsion bar IFS with K member while the model has a tube axle on leaf springs. I ended up staying with the original chassis because, sitting on the shelf, it looks like what it is. The original had a boat-like V drive while the model seems to have some sort of transaxle arrangement.

One last thing, those big Hurst Hemi Under glass decals stick on impact - no amount of water or decal solvent would fix it. You virtually have to line the decal up perfectly and gently slide the paper out without moving. I have never had this happen before or since - anyone else had this problem?

I did a Goggle search for "hemi under glass model kit" and found some cool stuff. If you want see a very nice build up of the '66 version, just go to a Sven's World of Wheels. Sven posts his models on this web site also. So it might be somewhere in here also. Sven is one of the all time great moders.

Friend on a model airplane board posted his Fotki and he's got a section on the McEwen '65 Cuda with detail pics I hadn't seen before. The AMT HUG chassis does seem to bear certain similarities to it.

I am using 3D printing to make vehicles for my HO layout. Since I haven't managed to get the detail down to where I can leave openings to install glass, I was wondering what the best paint is to make the plastic look like glass. Is silver the best there is?

The owner was skeptical at first, but with flat black panels behind the glass, it looks like most any window you look at in daylight, black background and reflections of what is around/behind you as you look into it.

No color really represents glass, but as glass reflects the color of the sky to a degree, my best bet would be a choice of colors according to the sky you intend to have onn your layout from a bluish silver to a dark silverish grey on a rainy day.

The hybrid Potts model combines the representation of local attractor dynamics in terms of units with S active states, inspired by Braitenberg's idea of an approximate N scaling [8], with a differentiation between frontal and posterior cortices, along the natural axis posited by Changeux and others [17] and expressed by a larger S value for frontal units. Note the assumption that the critical quantity that varies along the axis is S, the simplification of replacing a gradient with just two S values, and the ill-fitting temporal cortex areas, in which pyramidal cells have abundant recurrent collaterals [14] but are otherwise included among posterior regions.

Speed inversion occurs also in the associative memory model. (a) Cumulative distribution forĀ  (on a logarithmic scale) without external input. Dashed curves are for the homogeneous network. (b) The input-driven divergence times, i.e., when half of the S=3 active units are perturbed (=0.5, solid curves) and all of the S=3 active units are perturbed (=1.0, broken curves). (c) Asymmetric connections between the two subnetworks, obtained by removing or pruning 30% of them, results in only quantitative changes. The slowdown and also the speedup are dramatic, instead, when in addition, like in Fig. 7, the newly activated units are clamped by persistent external inputs (broken curves). For all panels, T=0.05.

In order to make their models, such as this sea anemone (Phymactis florida), as lifelike as possible, the Blaschkas consulted leading experts, referenced scientific illustrations, and in some cases, even purchased living creatures to serve as references for sculptures.

In some cases, the Blaschkas sculpted the same organisms across multiple stages of life. That may explain the inclusion of the flowering offshoot snaking away from the signature rosette arrangement of this succulent (Echeveria secunda) model from 1889.

In addition to healthy organisms, Rudolf Blaschka crafted models of plants infected by common pathogens to serve as educational tools. One example is this apple (Malus pumila) from 1932 marked by the telltale blemishes of an apple scab infection caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis.

Is there a quick way to convert this Item object into a strongly-typed Glass model of the class MySite.Model.MyTemplate? I want to do this directly in my page code, without replacing the way in which I obtain the item object.

In condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature called 'freezing temperature' Tf.[1] In ferromagnetic solids, component atoms' magnetic spins all align in the same direction. Spin glass when contrasted with a ferromagnet is defined as "disordered" magnetic state in which spins are aligned randomly or without a regular pattern and the couplings too are random.[1]

The term "glass" comes from an analogy between the magnetic disorder in a spin glass and the positional disorder of a conventional, chemical glass, e.g., a window glass. In window glass or any amorphous solid the atomic bond structure is highly irregular; in contrast, a crystal has a uniform pattern of atomic bonds. In ferromagnetic solids, magnetic spins all align in the same direction; this is analogous to a crystal's lattice-based structure.

Spin glasses and the complex internal structures that arise within them are termed "metastable" because they are "stuck" in stable configurations other than the lowest-energy configuration (which would be aligned and ferromagnetic). The mathematical complexity of these structures is difficult but fruitful to study experimentally or in simulations; with applications to physics, chemistry, materials science and artificial neural networks in computer science.

If a magnetic field is applied as the sample is cooled to the transition temperature, magnetization of the sample increases as described by the Curie law. Upon reaching Tc, the sample becomes a spin glass and further cooling results in little change in magnetization. This is referred to as the field-cooled magnetization.

Spin glasses differ from ferromagnetic materials by the fact that after the external magnetic field is removed from a ferromagnetic substance, the magnetization remains indefinitely at the remanent value. Paramagnetic materials differ from spin glasses by the fact that, after the external magnetic field is removed, the magnetization rapidly falls to zero, with no remanent magnetization. The decay is rapid and exponential.[citation needed]

If the sample is cooled below Tc in the absence of an external magnetic field and a magnetic field is applied after the transition to the spin glass phase, there is a rapid initial increase to a value called the zero-field-cooled magnetization. A slow upward drift then occurs toward the field-cooled magnetization.

This is similar to the Ising model. In this model, we have spins arranged on a d {\displaystyle d} -dimensional lattice with only nearest neighbor interactions. This model can be solved exactly for the critical temperatures and a glassy phase is observed to exist at low temperatures.[4] The Hamiltonian for this spin system is given by: 9af72c28ce

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