The Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy-S is a high-performance X-ray diffractometer equipped with a microfocus X-ray source, a four-circle Kappa goniometer, and a HyPix-6000HE hybrid photon-counting detector. The system enables precise crystallographic characterization of single crystals and microcrystalline materials, with particular emphasis on investigating structural evolution and phase transformations under non-ambient conditions.