Geography Notes For Upsc Pdf Free Download |VERIFIED|

Geography Notes for UPSC Examination will be immensely helpful for the candidates aspiring to sit for UPSC 2023. Geography is a very important subject in the UPSC exam, covered by both IAS Prelims and Mains papers. Geography for UPSC covers Indian Geography as well as World geography. The following concepts in Geography are covered broadly by the UPSC Syllabus:

These notes cover all the major topics in Geography for IAS including Indian and World Geography. Candidates should use these notes in conjunction with the NCERT Books for UPSC to cover the complete UPSC Syllabus for Geography.

Geography Notes For Upsc Pdf Free Download

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For candidates to develop a base knowledge about Geography subject and its concepts, NCERT notes is the best option. NCERT presents knowledge and concepts in an easy language that makes knowledge accessible to a large number of people. The concepts are given step-by-step making the journey to learning geography smoother. All the information given in the NCERT Books is government-approved, making them an ideal choice for UPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation.

Europe is the second-smallest continent. Only Oceania has less landmass. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.

Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.

Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.

Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.

Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.

Western Uplands

The Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.

The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.

North European Plain

The North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.

Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.

Central Uplands

The Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czechia, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.

The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in Czechia. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.

Alpine Mountains

The Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.

High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy.

Both the IAS (UPSC CSE) Prelims Syllabus and the UPSC Mains GS1 syllabus include Indian Geography as one of their key subjects. Indian geography is a challenge for many applicants. However, Indian geography can be a fascinating topic if studied from the correct source. In order to prepare for the IAS / UPSC Civil Service Examination, this article will discuss all aspects of Geography including Indian Geography.

Geography is included in the General Studies paper in Prelims as well as GS Paper 1 in the UPSC CS(Main) examination. In the UPSC scheme of the syllabus, Geography establishes the relevance of the existence of humans, the elements that are conducive to life, and the elements that are not conducive to human life. Hence, studying these elements would make you better positioned to safeguard the elements that are necessary for life. The Geography notes have been mentioned below for the convenience of the students.

The most crucial component of the UPSC geography syllabus is the Indian Geography syllabus. Additionally, they merit a score. StudyIQ presents a wide range of subjects in an understandable and clear way. The most important topics are never missed. At StudyIQ, we work together to fulfil your dream. You can review the Indian Geography topic for the UPSC Exam on the StudyIQ website to hone your fundamental understanding of the subject. At StudyIQ, we never fail to see the value of having the appropriate study materials and we never stop updating them.

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Ans. NCERT books help build fundamental concepts of geography which help in the understanding of further advanced concepts, Therefore, it is advisable that students should study from NCERT books. e24fc04721