Translation Aids

Multilingual Translation Aids

LEARN A LANGUAGE

• Duolingo, learn a language for free: https://www.duolingo.com/

AI TRANSLATION TOOLS

• DeepL Translator: https://www.deepl.com/translator

• Google Translate: https://translate.google.com/

• Transkribus: https://readcoop.eu/transkribus/public-models/

• Yandex Translate: https://translate.yandex.com/

DICTIONARIES AND MORE

• Search engine for finding words; able to search part of words; searches can be done in a lot of different languages: https://www.wordmine.info/

• Perseus Quick Start Guide: how to use Perseus Word Study Tool to help translate a word in Greek, Latin, Old English, German, Old Norse: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/help/quickstart.jsp?fbclid=IwAR3H1diKsYaUEr-LGkGhoISqjwViCxtJOfJiPt7qM_tifCy6kM-16lZO-sY#analyze

• Perseus Word Study Tool: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/search?fbclid=IwAR2NGXLU9LpfgCNdMY575EdXnpJfZue67mWNWAjvlGsTgFs6b4IfB5KUCh0

• Search engine for finding words; searches can be done in a lots of different languages: https://www.wordmine.info/

• Free online bilingual dictionaries: https://www.wordreference.com/

• Genealogical Word Lists: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Genealogical_Word_Lists

• One-Step Pages by Stephen P. Morse: https://stevemorse.org/

• List of Wikipedia's: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias

• Multilingual Keyboards: https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/index.htm

• Language Dictionaries: https://www.lexilogos.com/english/index.htm

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• BYU's Script Tutorial, guidance in the deciphering of documents written in Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish: https://script.byu.edu/

• SGGEE translation aids from German, Polish and Russian to English: https://sggee.org/research/translation_aids.html

• FamilySearch Russian Poland Civil Registration, Reading the Language of the Records: https://www.familysearch.org/.../Russian_Poland_Civil...

Czech Translation Aids

DICTIONARIES

• FamilySearch Czech Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Czech_Genealogical_Word_List?fbclid=IwAR0RsObLl7zxubR8scvDUaNShhxPIvkpdy0i9ATzB6xPYXtKRNz3NDIUV4I

• Dictionaries at Czech Genealogy for Beginners: http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/search/label/dictionary?fbclid=IwAR3Wb2B9tJyzzh9zLrAHn2YE8qIeX3Nz7O40u9r6Wg9mf_Jxb7Mk_TkZyVQ

• Dictionary: Months, days and so on at Czech Genealogy for Beginners: http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/2011/10/dictionary-months-days-and-so-on.html?fbclid=IwAR3rq6XsQP3dDWEBh_KpcPjPLcaZbvujhIT3py045gLZwpO7Q68HgpbPjRs

• Czech-English parish book dictionary at Czech Genealogy for Beginners: http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/2011/10/czech-english-parish-book-dictionary.html?fbclid=IwAR3u5qfdfu2rM1I_Yx2pj200k3krHD1m6nJ4ZLKaXpwPzSanhiX9z2qstwI

• Occupation dictionary at Czech Genealogy for Beginners: http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/2012/12/occupation-dictionary-updated.html?fbclid=IwAR0ca48SgP00FieOS32lUKBdgRLwqEYSUhWXDrCbkcZpYz9UQc8GKmRWh4U

• Death causes dictionary at Czech Genealogy for Beginners: http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/2014/08/death-causes-dictionary.html?fbclid=IwAR3km4Aw8nsB8hASrTRc3lMkhV-vxcsGIpb6BGJejjXLT9NF6G1fjKgvCSg

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• FamilySearch Czechia Reading Aids: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Czechia_Reading_Aids

• Structure of Records at Czech Genealogy for Beginners: http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/2017/09/structure-of-records.html?fbclid=IwAR3wAGEtVl7rO01DBfpJGH0m9rflK_IJjGJSHR6xrEF__mKMV1vL1RzX3XQ

• Birth, marriage & death registers with English translation at My Czech Roots: https://www.myczechroots.com/records/church-records/birth-marriage-death-registers

CENSUS

• Czech Censuses at Czech Genealogy for Beginners: http://czechgenealogy.nase-koreny.cz/2014/06/czech-censuses-1843-1921-part-ii-content.html?fbclid=IwAR0CbPsxz0gq6v1m4wHgq4x6LRnJ3oddrTEOSm9lrk6wNtrdm103haw12mo

• Census records with English translation at My Czech Roots: https://www.myczechroots.com/records/census/census

FAMILYSEARCH YOUTUBE CHANNEL

• Reading Czech Parish Registers: Baptisms: https://youtu.be/7G5kkG0Nm3I

• Reading Czech Parish Registers: Marriages: https://youtu.be/swFxxyvUD3g

• Reading Czech Parish Registers: Deaths: https://youtu.be/VKxeMZ9KIk4

• Reading Czech Parish Registers Syllabus: https://familysearch.brightspotcdn.com/af/44/dda6a09a1ec89de04dc8ae0d079a/reading-czech-parish-registers-m-cooper-nov-2021-jmr.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3u5qfdfu2rM1I_Yx2pj200k3krHD1m6nJ4ZLKaXpwPzSanhiX9z2qstwI

Dutch Translation Aids

• Dutch Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/.../Dutch_Genealogical_Word...

• BYU's Dutch Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/dutch-handwriting/introduction

FAMILYSEARCH YOUTUBE CHANNEL

• Intro to Reading Dutch Records: https://youtu.be/YeGvt4lVPLE

• Intro to Reading Dutch Records Syllabus: https://familysearch.brightspotcdn.com/.../5-reading...

French Translation Aids

DICTIONARIES AND MORE

• FamilySearch French Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/French_Genealogical_Word_List

• Old French Keyword Dictionary: https://web.archive.org/web/20210620124527/http://www.godswatcher.com/dictionary.htm

• This page explains the French Republic Calendar used from 1793-1805 in France and Canada. The external links include a date converter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar#Months

• A Small Point on the Use of Capital Letters in French Document at The French Genealogy Blog: https://french-genealogy.typepad.com/genealogie/2022/05/a-small-point-on-the-use-of-capital-letters-in-french-documents.html

• Marriage Contracts in New France according to the Custom of Paris: https://habitantheritage.org/upload/files/Create_Subfolders/Culture/Marriage_Contract_Custom_of__Paris.pdf

• Occupations in New-France and Canada: https://www.tfcg.ca/old-occupations-new-france?fbclid=IwAR0Z-DSJfKUSESvVhYVTQg2mbk1ncJSTGxQDWzAKQvomet4WlYqFh7n3pl4

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• "a la french genealogy", tutorials on reading baptism, birth, marriage, and death records: https://web.archive.org/web/20190803113954/http://frenchgen.com/index.html

• How to Decipher Catholic Church Records Written in French: https://slcl.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=69452801

• Dissecting a French-Canadian Marriage Contract: https://maplestarsandstripes.com/shownotes/mss-079-dissecting-a-french-canadian-marriage-contract/?fbclid=IwAR3wDYMBWorIUAkwZXL8iJr-TzC6mDx2BVvipEULC3J3S6LSkwiMMObHyq4

• BYU's French Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/french-handwriting/introduction

German Translation Aids

DICTIONARIES AND MORE

• FamilySearch German Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/German_Genealogical_Word_List

• Wörterbuchnetz dictionaries: https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?fbclid=IwAR3YpU6xhS2Amww4ssahK_45ixyRaE0MP57xVGR9glfSI02xmoh-Jio4PlE#0

• List of Old German Professions: https://www.european-roots.com/german_prof.htm

• Old German Professions, Occupations and Illnesses: https://sites.rootsweb.com/~romban/misc/germanjobs.html#A

• German Glossary of Causes of Death and other Archaic Medical Terms: https://web.archive.org/web/20120828003627/http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/German/German.htm

• German-English Illness Translations: https://www.odessa3.org/collections/articles/link/illness.txt

• Symbols in the church register: https://www.ahnenwiki.at/eine-reise-durch-die-vergangenheit/symbole-im-kirchenbuch/?fbclid=IwAR0AQZZjYzPhgTh1HKLq3212w4ruoKOr-fGY44OWRVFQEHKWdP_GGREzlWI

• Month Names in German: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Month_Names_in_German

• Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center glossary of terms and abbreviations found in the archive of the international tracing service: https://secure.ushmm.org/individual-research//Glossary.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3UeABgk3nATOyegmozeyLeK_L4ODZM7zZOXmnVFEZeO9UVTV88eNMkLRQ

HANDWRITING

• 6 Websites for Deciphering Old German Script: https://familytreemagazine.com/heritage/german/6-websites-for-old-german-script/

• How to read the number of the year in Prussian Civil Registry Office files: http://www.wtg-gniazdo.org/upload/opracowania/Fraktur%20-%20liczebniki2.pdf

• FamilySearch Germany Handwriting: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Germany_Handwriting

• Learn to read Suetterlin script: http://www.suetterlinschrift.de/Englisch/Sutterlin.htm

• Kurrent script: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurrent#/media/File:Deutsche_Kurrentschrift.svg

• Germanic Alphabet Chart: https://www.familytreemagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/germanic-alpha-chart.pdf

• German Handwriting Comparison Chart: http://wtg-gniazdo.org/upload/opracowania/Tabela_liter_pisma_staroniemieckiego.pdf

• Font generator: https://www.deutsche-handschrift.de/adsschreiben.php?fbclid=IwAR20R9dSerUJ2ArsngMk0uRB7F2LQYBLTwAF8WXJEuc3TZZBzY2njqey110#schriftfeld

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• BYU's German Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction

• Ancestry German Civil Registrations, A guide to German birth, marriage, and death registrations: https://www.ancestrycdn.com/support/us/2016/11/germanregistrations.pdf

• Examples of German Script, German Church Records Abbreviations, and Example of German Church Record with translation: http://hast.name/script.pdf

• FamilySearch German Paleography Seminar: https://www.familysearch.org/en/help/helpcenter/lessons/german-paleography-seminar-introduction

GERMAN GOTHIC (KURRENTSCHRIFT)

• FamilySearch Knowing your German genealogical Birth record phrases: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/img_auth.php/8/87/Knowing_your_German_phrases_birth.pdf

• FamilySearch Knowing your German genealogical Marriage record phrases: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/img_auth.php/4/40/Knowing_your_German_phrases_marriage.pdf

• FamilySearch Knowing your German genealogical Death record phrases: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/img_auth.php/9/93/Knowing_your_German_phrases_death.pdf

Hebrew Translation Aids

• List of Hebrew abbreviations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hebrew_abbreviations?fbclid=IwAR1bQeTpmYEfjNqMXHrbLiwFolIDDRIldnCiJ-52v3IcJlhSi6hQn4TVDD0

• Hebrew family and genealogy terms: https://bloodandfrogs.com/2018/04/hebrew-family-and-genealogy-terms.html?fbclid=IwAR0luMHz6KG9OxNGl5_f-kLrrLi7pgUtGW9_xPx43xrnRcA1fSoUIHXh4UM

• Translation between Hebrew and English: https://stevemorse.org/#dealing

• Jewish Calendar Conversion: https://stevemorse.org/jcal/jcal.html

• JewishGen Given Names Database: https://www.jewishgen.org/databases/GivenNames/search.htm

• Variations in Jewish Given Names: https://bloodandfrogs.com/2011/06/variations-in-jewish-given-names.html

DECIPHERING GRAVESTONES

• Reading Hebrew Tombstones: https://www.jewishgen.org/InfoFiles/tombstones.html

• Jewish Gravestone Symbols: https://bloodandfrogs.com/2011/04/jewish-gravestone-symbols.html?fbclid=IwAR1vsHZ3HdKdy2pVxWoLkQoTMG-EVgVkq-v489GlDewPUqkbzhaeX5_cL9g

• Deciphering Jewish Gravestones: https://bloodandfrogs.com/2020/03/deciphering-jewish-gravestones.html

FAMILYSEARCH YOUTUBE CHANNEL

• Jewish Gravestones Deciphered: https://youtu.be/6nG8JYR2m68

• Jewish Gravestones Deciphered Syllabus: https://familysearch.brightspotcdn.com/e9/63/01b7a84236872ec3f99bd38d9f50/jewish-gravestones-deciphered-session-500198-syllabus.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0Yb561fhHa7q4gFC7iBByzh0TIQXCeV1jRPlpctTSpbdiZTHg05IUG6x8

• Jewish Gravestones Deciphered Slides: https://familysearch.brightspotcdn.com/bb/62/114522fc32914b3c400218f20bc0/jewish-gravestones-deciphered-session-500198.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2uYVL4WOm4QCXqTmmNuyc2ZzkObLkBbFDqWH9bX1nMFMJzQ24f-rA2DAU

• Jewish Headstones: Seven Popular Symbols: https://youtu.be/HKksMA1BYHw

Hungarian Translation Aids

DICTIONAIRIES AND MORE

• Family Search Hungarian Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Hungarian_Genealogical_Word_List?fbclid=IwAR1oET20wXHSWIvLZsrDeiYcMG4sF-rm7qWANCfTaFvwBEvI6oO2oYo91l0

• Family History Library Hungarian Genealogical Word List: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pkhEmT5ILGMG0tWhTvUTfWCcOcWFepZB/view?fbclid=IwAR36PgYB7OsDIZ0E6uxMizY_VHZH00r2eOXrWrNcGNG6YjhfNuVTra5-BaI

• Hungarian - English Dictionary: https://web.archive.org/web/20160411123233/www.genealogy.ro/dictionary/hun_eng_o.htm

• Hungarian/English Glossary of Causes of Death and other Archaic Medical Terms: https://web.archive.org/web/20120728095521/http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/International/Hungarian.htm

• The Hungarian language, a grammatical guide: http://www.hungarianreference.com/

• Hungarian-German Military Terms: http://austro-hungarian-army.co.uk/hunggerm.htm

• JewishGen Hungarian Professions and Occupations: https://www.jewishgen.org/databases/Holocaust/HungarianOccupations.html?fbclid=IwAR2brvbagBgBEU1TRF0iPn3CXhXA2OoxgPAhuywmHSUGzvLOzIcwEiwBzXk

• Hungarian Given Names with English, Latin, and German equivalents: https://web.archive.org/web/20200408081839/http://web.archive.org/web/20071214074842/http:/topolcsanyi.alphalink.com.au/names/

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• Church Record Translations: http://donauschwaben-usa.org/church_record_translations.htm?fbclid=IwAR3u5qfdfu2rM1I_Yx2pj200k3krHD1m6nJ4ZLKaXpwPzSanhiX9z2qstwI

• Hungarian National Archives: https://adatbazisokonline.mnl.gov.hu/gyujtemeny/csaladtortenet?fbclid=IwAR0tMYEgX8DmmEomEwM8Wju1mbyaAscyQLX-LTcRFRWphgRd_muoSi_EU04

Italian Translation Aids

DICTIONARIES AND MORE

• FamilySearch Italy Genealogy Wiki with links to interpreting Italian records, occupations list, translation of birth, marriage, death documents and more: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Italy_Genealogy

• Translation Cheat Sheets: https://www.italiangenealogy.com/forum/topic/22880#p167053

• Italian Word Lists: https://support.ancestry.com/s/article/Researching-Italian-Records?language=en_US

• Researching Your Italian Genealogy with links to Language Resources: https://familytreemagazine.com/heritage/italian/researching-italian-genealogy-records/

• Italian Occupations: https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~calitri/genealogy/Calitri/History/occupati.htm

• Italian to English Vocabulary: https://www.roangelo.net/vocabula.html

• FamilySearch Italian Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Italian_Genealogical_Word_List

• FamilySearch Italy Handwriting: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Italy_Handwriting

• Florio's 1611 Italian/English Dictionary: https://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/florio/

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• FamilySearch Italian Indexing Guide Births, Post 1875: https://fh.familysearch.org/system/files/team/ait/Indexing/Italian_Birth_Record_Indexing_Guide.pdf

• FamilySearch Italian, Civil Registration Records Guide MARRIAGES, POST 1875: https://fh.familysearch.org/system/files/team/ait/indexing/Italian-Marriage-Records-Indexing-Guide.pdf

• FamilySearch Italian Indexing Guide Deaths, Post-1875: https://fh.familysearch.org/system/files/team/ait/indexing/ItalianDeathRecordIndexingGuide-EN.pdf

• FamilySearch Italian Civil Birth Document Translation: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Italian_Birth_Document_Translation

• FamilySearch Italian Civil Marriage Document Translations: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Italian_Marriage_Document_Translations

• FamilySearch Italian Civil Death Document Translation: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Italian_Civil_Death_Document_Translation

• FamilySearch Italy Civil Registration document translations: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Category:Italy_Civil_Registration

• Civil Status Act Translations (post-1875): https://docs.google.com/document/d/11VcalxCVWlsMWbcLg8d9ec9WPrWybc7LdCAtVb9cKcY/edit?fbclid=IwAR199RnEeZM5UvkOV1e-qu1qdzY8G9aLZb-y4EQdK9BeTLaGCrH3Jcm8Ah4

• BYU's Italian Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/italian-handwriting/introduction

Latin Translation Aids

DICTIONARIES AND MORE

• FamilySearch Latin Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Latin_Genealogical_Word_List

• Latin - English Dictionary: https://web.archive.org/web/20191023013043/http://www.genealogy.ro/dictionary/lat_eng_c.htm

• Simple Latin translation dictionary: https://web.archive.org/web/20191021234142/http://www.genproxy.co.uk/Latin.htm

• Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid: https://web.archive.org/web/20220404104826/http://archives.nd.edu/latgramm.htm

• Ecclesiastical Abbreviations commonly found in Catholic church records: https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01022a.htm

• Latin Terms in church records and legal documents: http://genealogy-quest.com/glossary-terms/latin/

• Latin/English Glossary of Causes of Death and other Archaic Medical Terms: https://web.archive.org/web/20120828003648/http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/Latin/Latin.htm

• Latin/German and abbreviations in church records: https://www.ziegenort.de/latein.htm

• Latin-Polish-English Dictionary: https://web.archive.org/web/20220119000817/http://www.genpol.com/Poradnik-GenPol-art36.html

• The elements of abbreviation in medieval Latin paleography: https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/1821/47cappelli.pdf

• Latin abbreviations – Part 3: Word contractions: http://historiatranslation.com/2019/latin-abbreviations-part-3-word-contractions/

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• Learn to read medieval Latin documents: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latin/

• BYU's Latin Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/latin-handwriting/introduction

Polish Translation Aids

DICTIONARIES AND MORE

• FamilySearch Polish Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Polish_Genealogical_Word_List

• JRI-Poland Terms for Family Relationships: https://web.archive.org/web/20210506105302/http://jri-poland.org/help/polish_family_terms.htm

• PolishGenWeb Polish Terms: https://sites.rootsweb.com/~polwgw/terms.html

• Polish given names: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names

• Guide to Pronunciation: https://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/erc-gtp-poland.htm

• Those Infamous Border Changes: A Crash Course in Polish History: https://fromshepherdsandshoemakers.com/2017/01/15/those-infamous-border-changes-a-crash-course-in-polish-history/?fbclid=IwAR0QFojSu6NndoKW-73u1DOLOZqtqZp9gFwDvTTvjrSbyMitaY7WN7eNzcI

• Why are two dates listed on many records? https://www.jewishgen.org/infofiles/poland/questions.htm#q7

• Polish/English Glossary of Causes of Death and other Archaic Medical Terms: https://web.archive.org/web/20120829001730/http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/International/Polish.htm

• Polish Occupation Definitions: https://www.jewishgen.org/InfoFiles/PolishOccs.htm

• Polish Occupations: https://kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/krakow/kra_occupations.htm

• Poland Social Life and Customs: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Poland_Social_Life_and_Customs?fbclid=IwAR1Zw4rn-BSlL7jW8RP9a9QjoBK5qCElyeFROWKMMtvTbmXIC_9Ic-eZ3lA

• Slownik-Warszawski glossary of terminology, Dictionary of Poland search engine: https://szukajwslownikach.uw.edu.pl/slownik-warszawski/?fbclid=IwAR3tIqJPcO305M0e_QWGurx8po_y6X57xUFcb6yZw9G3-3ypuPAy-Eqov9Y

• Polish Dictionary: https://sjp.pwn.pl/

• Dictionary of Polish dialects: volume one, A to E: https://zbc.uz.zgora.pl/dlibra/publication/9018/edition/8866/content?ref=desc

• Dictionary of Polish dialects: volume two, F to K: https://zbc.uz.zgora.pl/dlibra/show-content/publication/edition/8867?id=8867

• Dictionary of Polish dialects: volume three, L to O: https://zbc.uz.zgora.pl/dlibra/show-content/publication/edition/8868?id=8868

• Dictionary of Polish dialects. Vol. 4, P: https://polona.pl/item-view/665e17ed-fc67-43f4-ab3c-715b00cd663d?page=4

• Dictionary of Polish dialects. Vol. 6, U-Ż: https://polona.pl/item-view/d629c03d-5a21-4e57-a26f-b5bac49be6b3?page=4

• Polish and Russian handwriting examples to determine language of document: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1329745443737674&set=a.165527463492817.35618.100001066928816&type=3&theat

RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• SGGEE Format of Napoleonic Documents: https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/format_nap_documents.html?fbclid=IwAR3kike833AkxZJ0zotr504esR6nARUnUPB9bBTe5HQZWO7IkD8wnii1TVk

• Galician Vital Records, Columnar Headings: https://web.archive.org/web/20211102225608/https://www.jri-poland.org/galicia/GalicianVitalRecords_Titles_Nov2002.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2-WA5fdhHExeUDpi79ND9icZbbRPAy9uqE6-tU70TFxF9uhHHjW-C9cqk

• PolishOrigins Birth Records in Paragraph Format: https://polishorigins.com/pdfs/1-Poland_Birth_Records_in_Paragraph_Format-Instruction.pdf

• PolishOrigins Marriage Records in Paragraph Format: https://polishorigins.com/pdfs/1-Poland_Marriage_Records_in_Paragraph_Format-Instruction.pdf

• PolishOrigins Death Records in Paragraph Format: https://polishorigins.com/pdfs/1-Poland-Death_Records_in_Paragraph_Format-Instruction.pdf

• How to decipher the record...(birth, marriage, death): https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Lr07-rQXXWd8DoHKlPscIkYiTonu4gvoE424LTrEfuk/edit?fbclid=IwAR2zVPkTC4rf3UGhzEor0vHrfNUvHlEJqrmC1K9fnJKvhskZTYt07B-1eZc

• PGSA Dziennik Chicagoski Obituary Translations: https://pgsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Dziennik-Chicagoski-Obituary-Translation-Guide.pdf?fbclid=IwAR08aDAJmLvKYwP0fafm9coke4jB19SRqGrcgqXmvz5LV2K6aN55IZJ5Mgs

• PGSNYS Death Notice Translation Guide: https://pgsnys.online/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Dziennik_Translation_Guide.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0MiMfy9IR5mu5iC8V84aV6vIZ8E_InoBU_7IcftZS5w1FdV4SmoS3H5v0

Portuguese Translation Aids

• Portuguese Paleographic Abbreviations: https://issuu.com/rogeriod/docs/abreviaturas
  (Note: publication access currently limited due to Internet Archive lawsuit; publication may be accessible again later)

• BYU's Portuguese Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/portuguese-handwriting/introduction

Romanian Translation Aids

• FamilySearch Romanian Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Romanian_Genealogical_Word_List

• JewishGen Romanian Occupation Definitions: https://www.jewishgen.org/InfoFiles/RomanianOccs.htm

Russian and Ukrainian Translation Aids

VITAL RECORD TRANSLATION GUIDES

• Zofia Federowicz-Bolczak's Parish records in russian, a guide to translating Russian vital records in handwritten Cyrillic script: https://zofiafederowicz.com/aktametrykalne/en/

• SGGEE Translation Resources Russian Docs From Poland: https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/nap_documents.html?fbclid=IwAR0mpHT3x5tzE0fxzt7Kd1ZshnG_We3leejC5Ja4iRfGTQo5a9xECbrzbd8

• BYU's Russian Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/russian-handwriting/introduction/

NAMES

• Lost Shoebox Genealogy Handwritten Names in Russian: https://web.archive.org/web/20210414100902/https://www.lostshoebox.com/?page_id=8

GENEALOGICAL WORDS

• Family History Library Genealogical Word List Russian: https://files.lib.byu.edu/family-history-library/research-outlines/Europe/Russia.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2tirHwnwnLeEDlPwUtOWikoG-fZFGyxoXVLrY8sI-rZdQ7ewWYROQghhk

• Russian Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Russian_Genealogical_Word_List?fbclid=IwAR0dnPKH2nalF-ZfarsyF5iVN3wfqugm-XQ3Acmvpk941i_7EVtdNt7G8oU

RUSSIAN ALPHABET

• Russian for Everyone's Russian Alphabet with Sound and Handwriting: https://www.russianforeveryone.com/RufeA/Lessons/Introduction/Alphabet/Alphabet.htm?fbclid=IwAR0fP6Evj81rp7OakHBv4gp3KODE3dH8ygxYWsMPe9y3kicbFRH8hKTXf4I

• Field Guide to Russian Letters: https://allbell.tripod.com/cursive/russalph.html?fbclid=IwAR0JAsmOS2k2MObPJ0XcfSmTjekA4lWx8VDw9B_umicYm4d-JpvdEpZ9WXo

• Master Russian, The Russian Alphabet: http://masterrussian.com/blalphabet.shtml?fbclid=IwAR1M4WSLM3knXWvS4wm_AFb_TRqHksNIX1-X4G_F8Nt58CPBrxZOnWnjeUo

• Cyrillic Letters That Can Be Confused: https://web.archive.org/web/20180821152142/http://www.pitt.edu/~armata/cyrillic.jpg

• SGGEE's Cyrillic Handout, The Russian Alphabet (with English, Polish, and German Equivalents): https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0fP6Evj81rp7OakHBv4gp3KODE3dH8ygxYWsMPe9y3kicbFRH8hKTXf4I

• Omniglot Old Church Slavonic: https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ocslavonic.htm?fbclid=IwAR2sPbI6yfvweZxNSIJfoeJCJYmxRv2HQwKrtPCaM2ub16AO0USVM7B9O4U

• Archives of St. Petersburg How To Read 18th Century Cursive Writing: https://www.facebook.com/spbarchives/photos/a.918540721627892/1169680873180541

• Slavic Cataloging Manual Pre-Reform Russian Orthography Cheat Sheet: https://sites.google.com/site/seesscm/pre-reform-russian-orthography-cheat-sheet?fbclid=IwAR32u3odwW6QAprDA5jLNQY26WNc21U1ll15HsGnaHB0EtubHDZrV-Xm0bA

• One-Step Pages by Stephen P. Morse Foreign Alphabets: Transliterating Names from English to Russian (and Russian to English); Converting from Russian Cursive to Print (and Russian Print to Cursive): https://stevemorse.org/?fbclid=IwAR3L9JDat65qAFwTBHZ3RsCys_s3Xd0eXFMF9L4kh5t-6Qrnwt1heC29STo#dealing

UKRAINIAN

• Ukrainian Lessons Months in Ukrainian: https://www.ukrainianlessons.com/vocabulary-months/

• Old Church Slavonic Numbers, Dates, and Months by Matthew Bialawa: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/img_auth.php/6/66/Old_Church_Slavonic_Numbers%2C_Dates%2C_and_Months_by_Matthew_Bialawa.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2eBTAn8SXOpWq6OknmjzQvDpHvT8M5Wt7peEPh3QVl62EGFDi6jz_lEFY

Scandinavian Translation Aids

DANISH

• FamilySearch Danish Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Danish_Genealogical_Word_List

• Rigsarkivet Genealogical Dictionary: https://web.archive.org/web/20220120152732/https://www.sa.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Genealogical-Dictionary.pdf

• Norman Madsen’s Danish and Swiss Genealogy Site: Danish-English Genealogy Dictionary: https://web.archive.org/web/20221028182946/http://www3.sympatico.ca/colin.swift/danish.htm

• A Bluestocking Knits: Danish Genealogy Word List: https://mathomhouse.typepad.com/.../danish-genealogy-word...

NORWEGIAN

• FamilySearch Norwegian Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Norwegian_Genealogical_Word_List

SWEDISH

• FamilySearch Swedish Genealogical Word List: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Swedish_Genealogical_Word_List

• Sweden Occupations: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Sweden_Occupations

• FamilySearch Sweden Church Records - FamilySearch Historical Records - Sample Images: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Sweden_Church_Records_-_FamilySearch_Historical_Records#Sample_Images

• ArkivDigital Reading Swedish Church Books - Examples and Videos: https://www.arkivdigital.net/.../reading-swedish-church...

FAMILYSEARCH YOUTUBE CHANNEL

• Reading Scandinavian/Gothic Script: https://www.familysearch.org/.../scandinavian-handwriting

• Record Analysis: Using Swedish Church Records Part 1: https://youtu.be/9AS05lJ3mbo

• Record Analysis: Using Swedish Church Records Part 2: https://youtu.be/5FRqruy4jWs

• Record Analysis: Using Swedish Church Records Part 3: https://youtu.be/3VSOG5tBj4c

• Record Analysis: Using Swedish Church Records Syllabus: https://familysearch.brightspotcdn.com/.../record...

Spanish Translation Aids

• BYU's Spanish Script Tutorial: https://script.byu.edu/spanish-handwriting/introduction

Print and E-book Genealogy Translation Guides

• Many in the group find the In Their Words series by Jonathan D. Shea and William F. Hoffman valuable. It offers real document examples with full translations in four volumes: Polish, Russian, Latin, and German. Now, all volumes are accessible as e-books too. Learn more and order at the author's website:https://langline.com/books/. 

• From the same link, you'll also find Following the Paper Trail: A Multilingual Translation Guide by Jonathan D. Shea and William F. Hoffman. This guide helps translate vital statistic records in 13 languages: Czech, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Latin, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.