Difficulty identifying individual sounds in words, cannot correctly sound out words when reading.
Learner requires many repetitions to learn a new word and may not recognize a newly learned word when it appears later in the text.
Learner uses context to guess at unfamiliar words, eg. reads an incorrect word that makes sense in the text, rather than using phonetic cues to decode the written word, such as "dog" rather than "puppy".
Oral reading is very laborious and slow, with many repetitions and pauses.
Learner put so much energy into decoding words that comprehension is poor, does not undersnad what was just read, but understands the same material if another person reads it.
Limited ability to communicate in writing; learner struggles to write short notes or letters.
Learner asks for help completing forms.
Spelling problems interfere with meaning; learner leaves out letters or syllables in words.
Handwriting is difficult to read; learner misuses capitals and lowercase letters or has poor spacing between words, letters or lines.
Learner uses an awkward grip on the pencil.
Difficulty editing written work; student does not see errors.
Difficulty remembering basic math facts; always usues a calculator, learner uses finders or has to write down simple problems.
Learner confuses numbers and symbols;