On Android (ICS anyways) it has its own daemon/service (or whatever you want to call it) to manage hotplug events, including firmware requests. In /system/core/init/devices.c, there are two #defines that specify locations where firmware will be checked:

On my initial build of the ICS filesystem, /etc/firmware didn't exist (and the etc directory seems to be a symbolic link created at boot/init time). The directory I had to place firmware in on my NFS mounted rootfs was /system/etc/firmware


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When I plugged my device (USB-RS232 converter, Digi International EdgeportTI1 port adapter) on my Android tablet (Samsung Galaxy Tab 2), he was unable to find his firmware in "linux android adapted directories".So, like you, I tried to put my "down3.bin" in:

This page contains binary image files that allow you to restore your Nexusor Pixel device's original factory firmware. You will find these files usefulif you have flashed custom builds on your device, and wish to return yourdevice to its factory state.

Hi All, I hope this is OK to post here. I've done a fair bit of research on the internet but still can't find all answers regarding changing firmware on RG353V. I'll number questions to make answering easier:

Whilst many report that JELOS and ArkOS have better performance than Stock firmware, please can I confirm that only Stock firmware allows switching between Linux/Android using 'Function + Power button'? I really want to keep this function.

There seems two ways to add Google Play - either using the guideline on Droix website (free) or updating to Android 12 using Black Seraph (paywalled). Am I correct in thinking that after using either of these methods I CANNOT return RG353V to original preinstalled Android firmware?

I'm still confused about what firmware really is. When I search on the internet, I just get results about regular Android updates. In the installation docs for LIneageOS they say guides can be found on the internet!, but where exactly?

Before I broke my phone, -/issues/3964 but was able to fix it by sideloading My phone worked perfectly for 1 year, and now I got a message that there is Lineage 20. Of course, I want to update. In the docs it only says to check if I have Android 12 firmware. I guess that's what I already have, but I'm just wondering how version can be checked. All the results I get when searching are for Android settings, not firmware.

I think others on this forum have deleted the app and reinstalled and tried firmware updates (although you have to connect first to do that). Try that. If still no joy, you should contact Zwift directly.

The Android operating system is the world's dominant mobile computing platform. To defend against malicious applications and external attack, Android relies upon a complex combination of discretionary and mandatory access control mechanisms, including Linux capabilities, to maintain least privilege. To understand the impact and interaction between these layers, we created a framework called BigMAC that combines and instantiates all layers of the policy together in a fine grained graph supporting millions of edges. Our model filters out paths and types not in use on actual systems that policy analysis alone would consider. Unlike previous work which requires a rooted device, using only static firmware and Android domain knowledge, we are able to extract and recreate the security state of a running system, achieving a process credential recovery at best 74.7% and a filesystem DAC and MAC accuracy of over 98%. Using BigMAC, we develop attack queries to discover sets of objects that can be influenced by untrusted applications and external peripherals. Our evaluation against Samsung S8+ and LG G7 firmwares reveals multiple policy concerns, including untrusted apps on LG being able to communicate with a kernel monitoring service, Samsung S8+ allowing IPC from untrusted apps to some root processes, at least 24 processes with the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability, and system_server with the capability to load kernel modules. We have reported our findings to the corresponding vendors and release BigMAC for the community.

I'm using Samsung Galaxy Ace GT-S5830.More than an hour ago, Samsung-Kies prompted me to install a firmware update.It downloaded the required files and then proceeded to the actual upgrade.Now, since an hour, I'm getting 0% progress on the "Firware update in progress..." screen. It obviously says not to disconnect the phone.The phone shows "Downloading..."It's been like this since an hour.I don't want to brick my phone by pulling the USB cable off.Please suggest something.

Unlike most Android devices, Samsung Galaxy smartphones and tablets don't have a true Fastboot interface for firmware flashing. The OEM developed its own firmware flashing tool known as "Odin," named after the king of Gods in Norse mythology. Odin communicates with a special software component called "Loke" which seems to be named after another important character in Norse mythology (often translated as "Loki"). Loke runs on Samsung devices while in download mode and provides the functionality necessary to perform a flashing operation.

Odin firmware files are like the factory images for the Google Pixel lineup, just compressed into one single archive and made easy to use via a GUI tool instead of a command line tool such as Fastboot. Samsung's FUS (Firmware Update Server) also offers incremental as well as full OTA ZIP files, which are meant to be installed using the stock recovery environment.

Samsung maintains many region-specific and carrier-specific update channels. As a result, you have to determine the exact consumer software customization code, AKA the CSC value of your device, before downloading the Odin firmware. Keep in mind changing the CSC of an existing device or cross-flashing a different firmware is possible, but explaining such modifications is out of the scope of this tutorial.

Since we're dealing with official Samsung firmware packages, there is no need to unlock the bootloader of the target Galaxy device prior to flashing. This is specifically important for carrier models (which are notoriously difficult to bootloader unlock), as you can easily flash a compatible unlocked firmware on those variants and get rid of the carrier bloats on a locked bootloader.

Depending on the firmware type, the installation process may require a PC. Odin, for example, requires Windows, so keep that in mind while trying to update the firmware on any Samsung phone. Moreover, make sure you have the latest Samsung Android driver package installed.

Odin isn't actually intended for regular users, but since it's an official tool from Samsung, your phone will allow it to load the necessary files for flashing the firmware without unlocking the bootloader. However, using it incorrectly can still damage your device. Proceed with caution.

For a Samsung Galaxy firmware build number, the fifth character from the right denotes the bootloader revision. Keep in mind that there is no easy way to downgrade the bootloader version on Galaxy devices, which means even Odin won't let you flash a firmware with an older bootloader than the one installed in the target device.

Once the phone boots to the home screen, open Settings from the app drawer or the gear icon in the Quick Settings menu. Then, scroll to the bottom of Settings, select About phone, and choose Software information. Next, find the Build number entry and locate its value. It should be the same as the Odin firmware package you downloaded earlier.

No matter what device you use, the flashing part should be quick, easy, and convenient. As you can see, manually updating the firmware of your Samsung Galaxy smartphone isn't that difficult, but it's not a completely straightforward method either. Hopefully, this tutorial made the process easier for you to understand and follow.

When you install a new firmware version on your device, you can determine the corresponding Microsoft Teams app, Company Portal, and Admin Agent, versions that are installed by finding the product release in the Included product release column. Then look up the product release in the App versions table above.

As the security of the Android Platform has been steadily improved, some security researchers have shifted their focus towards other parts of the software stack, including firmware. Over the last decade there have been numerous publications, talks, Pwn2Own contest winners, and CVEs targeting exploitation of vulnerabilities in firmware running in these secondary processors. Bugs remotely exploitable over the air (eg. WiFi and cellular baseband bugs) are of particular concern and, therefore, are popular within the security research community. These types of bugs even have their own categorization in well known 3rd party exploit marketplaces.

Regardless of whether it is remote code execution within the WiFi SoC or within the cellular baseband, a common and resonating theme has been the consistent lack of exploit mitigations in firmware. Conveniently, Android has significant experience in enabling exploit mitigations across critical attack surfaces.

Enabling exploit mitigations in firmware running on bare metal targets is no easy feat. While the AP (Application Processor) hosts a powerful operating system (Linux) with comparatively abundant CPU and memory resources, bare metal targets are often severely resource-constrained, and are tuned to run a very specific set of functions. Any perturbation in compute and/or memory consumption introduced by enabling, for example, compiler-based sanitizers, could have a significant impact in functionality, performance, and stability.

In parallel, we also accept and reward external contributions via our Vulnerability Rewards Program. Along with the launch of Android 13, we updated the severity guidelines to further highlight remotely exploitable bugs in connectivity firmware. We look forward to the contributions from the security research community to help us find and patch bugs in bare metal targets. ff782bc1db

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