Embedded Files
Analysis Phase
Learning Objectives
At end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
a. Understand the electrical technology history.
b. Identify the timeline of electrical history.
c. Describe the war of the currents.
Design Phase
Subject Matter
Topic: History of Electronic Technology
Materials:
Mode of Delivery: Online class using Google Meet
Time Allotment: 2days/ 180 minutes (one week)
High Technology: Laptop, Electrical components, Powerpoint presentation, online teaching platforms (Google form)
Development Phase
A. Pre-Activity
Prayer
Checking of Attendance
Review
Setting of Standards
Activity 1: Think of me wisely!
According to Benjamin Franklin, "It is the first responsibility of every citizen to question authority", what you think is the main purpose of this quote?
It is okay for a citizen to question the government?
Activity 2: Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the correct answer from the given choices.
Answer the following questions.
Implementation Phase
B. Lesson proper
Activity 3: Exercise
Instructions:
After the discussion, the students will answer the quiz
The link is provided below.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY HISTORY
The early studies of electrical conduction in metals were done in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) in his experiments with lightning (leading to his invention of the lightning rod), reasoned that the charge would travel along the metallic rod.
Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) derived the concept of electrical potential from his studies of static electricity, and then discovered the principle of the battery in his experiments with dissimilar metals in common contact with moisture. Once batteries were available for contact with metals, electric currents were produced and studied.
Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854) found the direct proportion relating current and potential difference, which became a measure of the ability of various metals to conduct electricity. Extensive theoretical studies of currents were carried out by André Marie Ampère (1775-1836)
To honor these scientists, the système internationale (SI) units use their names. The unit of potential difference is the volt, and potential difference is more commonly called voltage. The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm, and the unit of current is the ampere. The relation among these functions is known as Ohm's law.
Franklin is remembered for an unlucky mistake. He postulated that there was only one type of electricity, not two as others thought, in the phenomena known in his day. He arbitrarily called one form of static electric charge positive and attributed the opposite charge to the absence of the positive.
Late in the nineteenth century, when advancements in both electrical and vacuum technology led to the discovery of cathode rays, streams of particles issuing from a negative electrode in an evacuated tube.
Sir Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940) identified these particles as common to all metals used as cathodes and negatively charged. The historical concept of a positive current issuing from an anode is mathematically self-consistent and leads to no analytical errors, so the convention is maintained but understood to be a convenience.
THE WAR OF THE CURRENTS
The late 19th century was a time of innovation and competition. Electric power in homes was yet to become mainstream, but there was no shortage of achievements during this time.
1879
Thomas Edison invented the incandescent light bulb powered by direct current (DC). Edison’s bulbs could be powered at low voltage and made indoor electric lighting practical.
The first public electric lighting system, using alternating current (AC)-powered arc lamps, was installed in Cleveland, Ohio, around this time.
1882
The first electric power plant in the U.S. opened in Manhattan, at Pearl Street Station.
This electrical distribution system, created by Edison, delivered electricity directly to buildings and homes in New York City.
1893
The competition between Edison’s DC system and George Westinghouse’s and Nikola Tesla’s AC system turned into “the War of the Currents”. Although a student of Edison, Tesla believed AC was better as power could be efficiently converted to higher or lower voltages.
1893
In a major victory, AC technology from Westinghouse was contracted for use at the Chicago World’s Fair, rather than DC power from General Electric.
1896
In what’s considered the end of the War of the Currents, AC technology was chosen to power the Niagara Falls hydroelectric generator.
It transmitted electricity to Buffalo, New York, more than 20 miles away. This milestone would eventually lead to AC becoming the standard for electricity in the U.S., as it was more efficient and less costly.
HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
Benjamin Franklin - Franklin was an American writer, publisher, scientist and diplomat, who helped to draw up the famous Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution. In 1752, Franklin proved that lightning and the spark from amber were one and the same thing. The story of this famous milestone is a familiar one, in which Franklin fastened an iron spike to a silken kite, which he flew during a thunderstorm, while holding the end of the kite string by an iron key.
Galvani And Volta - In 1786, Luigi Galvani, an Italian professor of medicine, found that when the leg of a dead frog was touched by a metal knife, the leg twitches violently. Galvani thought that the muscles of the frog must contain electricity.
By 1792 another Italian scientist, Alessandro Volta, disagreed: he realized that the main factors in Galvani's discovery were the two different metals - the steel knife and the tin plate - upon which the frog was lying. Volta showed that when moisture comes between two different metals, electricity is created. This led him to invent the first electric battery, the voltaic pile, which he made from thin sheets of copper and zinc separated by moist pasteboard.
In this way, a new kind of electricity was discovered, electricity that flows steadily like a current of water instead of discharging itself in a single spark or shock. Volta showed that electricity could be made to travel from one place to another by wire, thereby making an important contribution to the science of electricity. The unit of electrical potential, the Volt, is named after Volta.
Michael Faraday
The credit for generating electric current on a practical scale goes to the famous English scientist, Michael Faraday. Faraday was greatly interested in the invention of the electromagnet, but his brilliant mind took earlier experiments still further. If electricity could produce magnetism, why couldn't magnetism produce electricity?
In 1831, Faraday found the solution. Electricity could be produced through magnetism by motion. He discovered that when a magnet was moved inside a coil of copper wire, a tiny electric current flows through the wire
Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan
Nearly 40 years went by before a really practical DC (Direct Current) generator was built by Thomas Edison in America. Edison's many inventions included the phonograph and an improved printing telegraph.
In 1878, Joseph Swan, a British scientist, invented the incandescent filament lamp and within twelve months Edison made a similar discovery in America.
Swan and Edison later set up a joint company to produce the first practical filament lamp. Prior to this, electric lighting had been my crude arc lamps.
Edison used his DC generator to provide electricity to light his laboratory and later to illuminate the first New York street to be lit by electric lamps, in September 1882.
James Watt
When Edison's generator was coupled with Watt's steam engine, large-scale electricity generation became a practical proposition. James Watt, the Scottish inventor of the steam condensing engine, was born in 1736. His improvements to steam engines were patented over a period of 15 years, starting in 1769 and his name was given to the electric unit of power, the Watt.
Andre Ampere and George Ohm
Andre Marie Ampere, a French mathematician who devoted himself to the study of electricity and magnetism, was the first to explain the electro-dynamic theory. A permanent memorial to Ampere is the use of his name for the unit of electric current.
George Simon Ohm, a German mathematician and physicist, was a college teacher in Cologne when in 1827 he published, "The galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically". His theories were coldly received by German scientists but his research was recognised in Britain and he was awarded the Copley Medal in 1841. His name has been given to the unit of electrical resistance.
History of Electricity
Despite what you have learned, Benjamin Franklin did not "invent" electricity. In fact, electricity did not begin when Benjamin Franklin flew his kite during a thunderstorm or when light bulbs were installed in houses all around the world.
The truth is that electricity has always been around because it naturally exists in the world. Lightning, for instance, is simply a flow of electrons between the ground and the clouds. When you touch something and get a shock, that is really static electricity moving toward you.
Hence, electrical equipment like motors, light bulbs, and batteries aren't needed for electricity to exist. They are just creative inventions designed to harness and use electricity.
The first discoveries of electricity were made back in ancient Greece. Greek philosophers discovered that when amber is rubbed against cloth, lightweight objects will stick to it. This is the basis of static electricity.
Over the centuries, there have been many discoveries made about electricity. We've all heard of famous people like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison, but there have been many other inventors throughout history that were each a part in the development of electricity.
Evaluation Phase
Activity 4: "Show me wow"
Direction:
Answer the following:
Link is provided below.
D. Generalization
The teacher will ask someone to wrap up the lessons
Activity 5: Jumbled Words
Answer the following
Link is provided below
VI. Assignment
Directions:
Create a concept map on a Timeline of the History of Electricity.
Submit your output in pdf format on the link provided.
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