AENPs are updatable, electronic versions of official ADMIRALTY Nautical Publications such as Sailing Directions (Pilots) and the Nautical Almanac. This means that bridge crews can download and apply electronic weekly Notices to Mariners (NMs) updates to publications in just a few seconds every week, improving efficiency and accuracy on board during passage planning tasks.
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The ENC product format is specified by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Each ENC is a digital database that stores the location and shape of charted features as pairs of latitude and longitude coordinates. This is known as "vector format" data. Database records associated with each feature provide detailed information, such as the feature's color, shape, height, purpose, quality of position, and other attributes. The data contained within ENCs can be used by electronic navigation systems to enable safer voyage planning and route monitoring. This includes initiating warnings and alarms when a ship is heading into shallow water or toward other dangers to navigation. Updated ENC revision files are available weekly. When ENC revision data is loaded many navigation systems apply these updates automatically. ENCs will continue to be produced and enhanced after all raster format charts are canceled.
The NOAA Custom Chart (NCC) application was developed to enable users to create their own customized charts directly from the latest NOAA ENC data. While these custom charts do not fulfill U.S. Coast Guard carriage requirements for regulated commercial vessels, they contain the same up-to-date information contained on ENCs.
Guided by these trends, NOAA initiated a program to sunset its traditional paper nautical charts and the corresponding raster chart products and services. This enables focusing resources on improving the coverage and content of the digital chart format that is used throughout the world for navigation, the electronic navigational chart (ENC). Since 2010, subscriptions for individual NOAA ENC charts provided by Regional ENC Coordinating Centers (RENCs) have quadrupled. (The RENC concept was developed by the IHO to ensure that ENC data complies with international standards and to coordinate the distribution of ENCs from producing nations to data users.)
ENC data is produced by scores of other countries and used by mariners around the world. In addition to the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) equipment that the IMO requires large vessels to use to display ENC data, ENCs can now be used in many electronic chart display, chart plotter, mobile app, and GPS systems used by other professional and recreational mariners. These are clear indications that ENCs are already an important part of marine navigation and that they are the foundation upon which future marine navigation systems and other marine related data are being built.
At the end of 2020, NOAA maintained over 1000 individual paper and raster nautical charts, comprised of over 2000 separate main chart panels and insets, compiled in over a 100 different scales. Producing and distributing raster charts requires separate computer software and data storage, as well as specialized cartographic training and processing that is not needed to make ENCs. NOAA now maintains over 1600 ENCs and is carrying out an ambitious program to replace much of the existing ENC coverage with more detailed (larger scale) data. When completed, the enhanced ENC product suite will consist of over 9000 ENCs in eleven standard scales. NOAA has only been able to create and maintain this enhanced suite of ENC products by redirecting resources previously used to update and distribute traditional paper and raster nautical charts.
Although it is preferred that new reschemed ENC data is available before the corresponding raster charts are canceled, there may be situations where this is not the case. As described in the "Paper and raster chart content is starting to differ from ENCs" section, below, the only updates NOAA is now applying to raster charts are those critical to navigation. If ENCs and the corresponding raster charts get too far out of sync, the associated charts may be identified for an earlier cancellation. NOAA is also looking at sales and download volumes over the past few years; a chart with low sales or downloads may be canceled earlier in the process.
Prior to traditional chart production ending, users may notice differences between paper charts and ENCs. There are two broad categories of data that are applied onto NOAA ENCs and paper / raster nautical charts- "Critical Corrections" and "Routine" source. "Critical Corrections" may be newly discovered shoals or other dangers to navigation, as well as changes in the positions or characteristics of aids to navigation (buoys, beacons, and lights). These are typically changes that are published by the U.S. Coast Guard in weekly Local Notice to Mariners. Critical corrections are applied to ENCs first, then applied to paper and raster nautical charts. These changes generally appear on both product types (raster and ENC) within a week of each other.
However, new "Routine" source data are now ONLY applied to NOAA ENCs and not to traditional paper and raster nautical charts. Routine data includes the results of ordinary hydrographic and shoreline surveys, which could be extensive. Any specific dangers revealed during routine surveys are extracted from the data and classified as Critical Corrections to be applied to all products.
The legacy of the paper charts from which ENC data were first digitized, starting in the early 1990s, lives on in the current suite of ENCs. The footprints and scales of NOAA ENCs were inherited directly from corresponding paper charts and the resulting ENC product suite now consists of hundreds of irregularly shaped cells compiled in over 100 different scales.
A nautical chart or hydrographic chart is a graphic representation of a sea region or water body and adjacent coasts or banks. Depending on the scale of the chart, it may show depths of water (bathymetry) and heights of land (topography), natural features of the seabed, details of the coastline, navigational hazards, locations of natural and human-made aids to navigation, information on tides and currents, local details of the Earth's magnetic field, and human-made structures such as harbours, buildings, and bridges. Nautical charts are essential tools for marine navigation; many countries require vessels, especially commercial ships, to carry them. Nautical charting may take the form of charts printed on paper (raster navigational charts) or computerized electronic navigational charts. Recent technologies have made available paper charts which are printed "on demand" with cartographic data that has been downloaded to the commercial printing company as recently as the night before printing. With each daily download, critical data such as Local Notices to Mariners are added to the on-demand chart files so that these charts are up to date at the time of printing.
Nautical charts are based on hydrographic surveys and bathymetric surveys. As surveying is laborious and time-consuming, hydrographic data for many areas of sea may be dated and are sometimes unreliable. Depths are measured in a variety of ways. Historically the sounding line was used. In modern times, echo sounding is used for measuring the seabed in the open sea. When measuring the safe depth of water over an entire obstruction, such as a shipwreck, the minimum depth is checked by sweeping the area with a length of horizontal wire. This ensures that difficult to find projections, such as masts, do not present a danger to vessels navigating over the obstruction.
Conventional nautical charts are printed on large sheets of paper at a variety of scales. Mariners will generally carry many charts to provide sufficient detail for the areas they might need to visit. Electronic navigational charts, which use computer software and electronic databases to provide navigation information, can augment or in some cases replace paper charts, though many mariners carry paper charts as a backup in case the electronic charting system fails.
After a one-off initial installation, all RegsManager data will be held on board ship in a fast database, which allows extensive keyword searching of regulations, acts, codes of practice and notices. Together, these are designed to provide the documentation needed to meet the 2002 Safety of Navigation regulations.
Weather APIs are similar to map APIs in terms of integration and versatility of data sources. Each service provider collects, aggregates, and processes meteorological and other relevant weather data then offers access to it via API.
For example, if you are building a web or mobile app that needs to pull weather forecast data, the right weather API makes this easy. With this data, you can generate updates and alerts in web and mobile apps, creating solutions uniquely suited to your needs.
OpenWeatherMap offers weather data APIs for different types of timeline data. In a solution inspired by crowdsourcing projects like Wikipedia, weather data is collected from meteorological broadcast services worldwide and over 40,000 weather stations. This freemium solution also has a feature-limited free option that allows access to the 5 days/3 hour forecast API, as well as weather alerts and a weather map.
Priding themselves by specializing in UK-specific and nautical weather and environmental data, Meteogroup offers four different APIs: Nautical API (Beta), Point Forecast, Point Observations, and Radar Precipitation Forecast (Beta). fd2cebbec0
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