CitiesX will give you a far-ranging look at the past, present and future of cities, with the aim of teaching you how to better understand, appreciate and improve urban areas. The course will explore key concepts of urban development by examining cities around the world, including London, Rio de Janiero, New York City, Shanghai, Mumbai, Kigali, and many more.


The course includes a historical exploration of cities: how urban centers like ancient Rome resulted from the consolidation of imperial power, how cities like Sao Paulo grew as important hotbeds of industry, and how cities like Seattle became hubs of technology and human capital.


CitiesX also dives into pressing social and urban planning issues like public health, transportation, zoning, gentrification, cost of living, crime, and congestion. The course includes interviews and insights from academics, policymakers, urban leaders and city residents.


The analytical framework of the course comes from economics but is enhanced by conversations with experts from other disciplines (including Sociology, Urban Planning, Journalism, Anthropology, History, Art & Music) to provide learners with a greater understanding of all aspects of urbanism.

Past/Present/Future is the culminating exhibition to Thomas J. Watson Library's grant project funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, which aimed to assess and expand the library's collection of underrepresented heritage groups, especially Indigenous American, Latinx, Hispanic American, Asian American, and Pacific Islander artists. While it is impossible to apply a single definition or category to all the acquired titles, many explore a suspension or intervention of temporality, bound together by shared themes of colonialism, land sovereignty, reclamation, and reconciliation. Thus, the titles selected here present artists whose work confronts the past, reconciles the present, and draws out new possibilities for the future of historically marginalized people in the United States. This selection also mirrors Watson Library's own endeavors to build a diverse body of perspectives and resources dedicated to the study of visual art by confronting what has been overlooked in the past, addressing it in our present moment, and mapping out a future where the collection better aligns with its values and purposes.


Download X: Past Is Present Full Movie 720p


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Crystal structures of the carbapenemase, KPC-2 (Protein Data Bank [PDB] identifier 2OV5), present in the periplasm, P. aeruginosa porin, OprD (substrate binding loops highlighted in yellow) (PDB identifier 2ODJ) present in the outer membrane, P. aeruginosa efflux pump components, MexA, MexB, and OprM (PDB identifiers 1VF7, 2V50, and 3D5K), spanning the inner membrane and periplasmic and outer membranes, and P. aeruginosa PBP3 (PDB identifier 3PBN), anchored to the inner membrane.

In summary, the key determinants in the inhibition of serine -lactamases by carbapenems revealed from these studies are the hydroxyethyl side chain present on all carbapenems and the isomerization potential of the pyrroline ring. The hydroxyethyl side chain provides steric hindrance for the approach of the deacylating water molecule, while tautomerization can result in conformation changes of the enzyme-carbapenem complex. The factors that contribute to rapid deacylation of the 2 isoform remain to be determined. Interactions indicative of slow deacylation or inhibition revealed from these studies lead us to an important question: is carbonyl positioning and tautomerization a dynamic process in carbapenem turnover and does it contribute in a significant way to why these compounds are slow substrates?

The physiological role of OprD is the transport of basic amino acids (i.e., amino acids with pKas in the range of 9) (227). OprD is the main porin used by carbapenems for diffusion into P. aeruginosa (63, 231). OprD is part of a larger family of 19 other porins in P. aeruginosa with 46 to 57% similarity. Eight of the 19 are even more closely related to OprD; however, only OprD participates in antibiotic uptake. OprD belongs to the substrate-specific family of porins and was first identified because loss of this porin resulted in imipenem resistance (89). This loss has been attributed to mutations and negative regulation of transcription of the oprD gene, which is present on the bacterial chromosome (161, 180). Since imipenem and all -lactams are dipeptide mimics, cross-resistance to imipenem upon OprD loss occurs. Substitutions in loops 5, 7, and 8 of OprD, which bind dipeptides as well as carbapenems, also result in resistance to imipenem (87, 88).

Thus, the case for a particular unmet need in cancer patients is actually quite difficult to sustain. The idea that cancer diagnosis poses a particular threat to existential/spiritual well-being in some patients may be correct but there is a risk that one recruits into trials people with a particular interest in psychedelic experience, who are hence predisposed to endorse its benefits. They may not be representative of cancer patients in general. In the published study where it is reported, the rate of previous use of hallucinogens was indeed high (55% in the Ross et al, 2016).

GMG is a NIHR senior investigator; the views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. GMG holds a grant from Wellcome Trust, holds shares in P1vital and has in the past 3 years served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for Angelini, MSD, Lundbeck (/Otsuka or /Takeda), Medscape, P1Vital, Pfizer, Servier and Shire. RLC-H is supported by the Alex Mosley Charitable Trust and his research has received support from the Beckley Foundation, as part of the Beckley-Imperial Research Programme. RLC-H and GMG are currently advising Compass Pathways, a commercial initiative to develop psilocybin as a medicine.

Over the past 100 years, there have been three major periods of tax-rate cuts in the U.S.: the Harding-Coolidge cuts of the mid-1920s; the Kennedy cuts of the mid-1960s; and the Reagan cuts of the early 1980s. Each of these periods of tax cuts was remarkably successful as measured by virtually any public policy metric.

Timing of Tax Cuts

The second, and equally important, concept of tax cuts concerns the timing of those cuts. In their quest to earn after-tax income, people can change not only how much they work, but when they work, when they invest, and when they spend. Lower expected tax rates in the future will reduce taxable economic activity in the present as people try to shift activity out of the relatively higher-taxed present into the relatively lower-taxed future. People tend not to shop at a store a week before that store has its well-advertised discount sale. Likewise, in the periods before legislated tax cuts take effect, people will defer income and then realize that income when tax rates have fallen to their fullest extent. It has always amazed me how tax cuts do not work until they actually take effect.

Combining each state's current incentive rate (the value of a dollar after passing through a state's major taxes) with the sum of each state's net legislated tax changes over the past 10 years (taken from our historical State Competitive Environment rankings) allows a composite ranking of which states have the best combination of low and/or falling taxes and which have the worst combination of high and/or rising taxes. Those states with the best combination made the top 10 of our rankings (1 = best), while those with the worst combination made the bottom 10 (50 = worst). Table 10 shows how the "10 Best States" and the "10 Worst States" have fared over the past 10 years in terms of income growth, employment growth, unemployment, and population growth. The 10 best states have outperformed the bottom 10 states in each category examined.

In particular, the pandemic violated two key assumptions about the nature of macroeconomic disturbances underlying the models.10 First, the Kalman filter statistical method that serves as the models' workhorse assumes random disturbances to the economy follow a normal, or bell-shaped, distribution. Relative to historical experience, COVID-19 represented an extremely rare tail event in terms of its effect on the economy. Second, the models assume that these disturbances are serially uncorrelated, which is at odds with the sequence of shutdowns and reopenings associated with COVID-19.

While the technology acceptance model (TAM), introduced in 1986, continues to be the most widely applied theoretical model in the IS field, few previous efforts examined its accomplishments and limitations. This study traces TAM's history, investigates its findings, and cautiously predicts its future trajectory. One hundred and one articles published by leading IS journals and conferences in the past eighteen years are examined and summarized. An open-ended survey of thirty-two leading IS researchers assisted in critically examining TAM and specifying future directions.

Due to the considerable growth in global blueberry production and trade in the past 10 years, especially trade in fresh blueberries, FAS has prepared a proposal to submit to the WCO to amend the HS by creating specific subheadings for fresh, frozen, and dried blueberries, thereby distinguishing them from other Vaccinium fruit. Proposals for amendments to the HS are typically submitted by the industry. However, due to the need for global trade data, FAS has undertaken this effort to provide clarity on trade (and thus production) and achieve a more precise understanding of how large the market is and where trade (and thus production) is happening.

In four presentations, leading scientists Andrew H. Knoll of Harvard University, Naomi Oreskes of the University of California, San Diego, and Daniel P. Schrag of Harvard University guide us on an exciting exploration of the history of life on Earth and discuss present-day concerns about climate change. be457b7860

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