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Previous studies have suggested that miRNAs play regulatory roles in gene expression in the brain's responses to total body irradiation.7,59 Yet, nothing is known about the effects of low-dose head, bystander, or scatter irradiation on the brain's small repertoire of ncRNA. Future studies should be conducted to determine the regulation of gene expression through low doses of direct, bystander, and scatter irradiation in the brain and to discern patterns of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation and their roles on regulating gene expression in directly exposed, bystander, and scatter-irradiated brain tissues.60,61 To gain a full understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways affected by various modes of low-dose radiation exposure, the effects of bystander and scatter-radiation should be studied using tumor-bearing animals. Age bias, if any, must also be considered.
In recent years, significant effort has been devoted to developing new strategies for the prevention and mitigation of deleterious radiation effects on healthy tissues and organs, including the brain. Because radiation exposure (direct, bystander, and scatter) affects dendritic space, reduces the brain's ability to produce new neurons, and alters behavior, mitigation efforts should focus on restoring these key parameters and functions. An array of recent studies have proposed elegant and elaborate, albeit complicated, radiation mitigation strategies that include stem cell- and stem cell-derived vesicle-based approaches,62-64 as well as approaches based on the pharmacological inhibition of adenosine kinase and elimination of microglia.65,66 These strategies may, in the future, turn out to be very useful, although, in their current state, they are high-tech and rather costly. On the other hand, environmental enrichment and exercise may provide a feasible, easy, and cost-effective avenue for exploring ways to protect the brain from irradiation. Since environmental enrichment has been reported to have numerous positive, protective, and mitigating effects in models of neurologic diseases and animals exposed to high doses of whole-brain irradiation,67-70 one could predict that environmental enrichments may be very effective for counteracting the deleterious neuroanatomical and behavioral effects of low-dose head, bystander, and scatter irradiation.
Measurement of chemical penetration in skin using Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and multivariate curve resolution - alternating least squares
Anukrati Goel, Dimitrios Tsikritsis, Natalie A. Belsey, Ruth Pendlington, Stephen Glavin, Tao Chen
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Volume 296, 5 August 2023, 122639. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122639
Temporal imaging of drug dynamics in live cells using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and a perfusion cell culture system
William J. Tipping, Andrew S. Merchant, Rebecca Fearon, Nicholas C. O. Tomkinson, Karen Faulds and Duncan Graham
RSC Chem. Biol., 2022, 3, 1154. DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00160h
Label-free characterization of Amyloid--plaques and associated lipids in brain tissues using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
V. Schweikhard, A. Baral, V. Krishnamachari, W.C. Hay, M. Fuhrmann
doi:
Investigation of protein distribution in solid lipid particles and its impact on protein release using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.
P.C. Christophersen, D. Birch, J. Saarinen, A. Isomki, H.M. Nielsen, M. Yang, C.J. Strachan, H. Mu
J Control Release. 2015 Jan 10;197:111-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.023. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
Automated identification of subcellular organelles by coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering.
S.F. El-Mashtoly, D. Niedieker, D. Petersen, S.D. Krauss, E. Freier, A. Maghnouj, A. Mosig, S. Hahn, C. Ktting, K. Gerwert
Biophys J. 2014 May 6;106(9):1910-20. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.03.025.
Detection of human brain tumor infiltration with quantitative stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.
M. Ji, S. Lewis, S. Camelo-Piragua, S.H. Ramkissoon, M. Snuderl, S. Venneti, A. Fisher-Hubbard, M. Garrard, D. Fu, A.C. Wang, J.A. Heth, C.O. Mahe, N. Sanai, T.D. Johnson, C.W. Freudiger, O. Sagher, X.S. Xie, D.A. Orringer
Sci Transl Med. 2015 Oct 14;7(309):309ra163. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab0195.
Rapid histology of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with deep-learning based stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.
L. Zhang, Y. Wu, B. Zheng, L. Su, Y. Chen, S. Ma, Q. Hu, X. Zou, L. Yao, Y. Yang, L. Chen, Y. Mao, Y. Chen, M. Ji
Theranostics 2019, Vol. 9, Issue 9
Detection of human brain tumor infiltration with quantitative stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.
M. Ji, S. Lewis, S. Camelo-Piragua, S.H. Ramkissoon, M. Snuderl, S. Venneti, A. Fisher-Hubbard, M. Garrard, D. Fu, A.C. Wang, J.A. Heth, C.O. Maher, N. Sanai, T.D. Johnson, C.W. Freudiger, O. Sagher, X.S. Xie, D.A. Orringer.
Sci Transl Med. 2015 Oct 14;7(309):309ra163. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab0195.
Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of metabolic activities in live mammalian hippocampal tissues with stimulated Raman scattering.
F. Hu, M.R. Lamprecht, L. Wei, B. Morrison, W. Min
Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 21;6:39660. doi: 10.1038/srep39660.
Probing the metabolic heterogeneity of live Euglena gracilis with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.
Y. Wakisaka, Y. Suzuki, O. Iwata, A. Nakashima, T. Ito, M. Hirose, R. Domon, M. Sugawara, N. Tsumura, H. Watarai, T. Shimobaba, K. Suzuki, K. Goda, Y. Ozeki
Nat Microbiol. 2016 Aug 1;1(10):16124. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.124.
Operando and three-dimensional visualization of anion depletion and lithium growth by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Q. Cheng, L. Wei, Z. Liu, N. Ni, Z. Sang, B. Zhu, W. Xu, M. Chen, Y. Miao, L.Q. Chen, W. Min, Y. Yang
Nature Communications ______1__, Article number: 2942 (2018)
Picosecond spectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging with principal component analysis of meibomian glands.
C.Y. Lin, J.L. Suhalim, C. Nien, M.D. Miljkovic, M. Diem, J. Jester and E.O. Potma
J Biomed Opt 16 (2011) 021104.
Quantitative detection of chemical compounds in human hair with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering.
M. Zimmerley, C-Y. Lin, D.C. Oertel, J.M. Marsh, J.L. Ward and E.O. Potma
J Biomed Opt 14 (2009) 044019.
Theories of multiple-scattering effects in the second-harmonic generation of light reflected from clean randomly rough metal surfaces and reflected from and transmitted through randomly rough metal surfaces in Kretschmann attenuated total reflection geometry are outlined. Both weakly rough and strongly rough surfaces are considered, the former by perturbative approaches, the latter by numerical simulations. Comparisons of theoretical results with experimental data for second-harmonic generation on clean random metal surfaces are presented. 5376163bf9
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