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Who is an Oncologist?
Who is an Oncologist?
A medical oncologist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer using medications such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted drugs, and hormonal therapies. They are often the central figure in a patient’s cancer journey, coordinating care across multiple specialties and guiding patients through complex treatment decisions. Beyond prescribing therapies, they provide both medical expertise and compassionate support, helping patients and families navigate one of the most difficult health challenges they may ever face.
On a daily basis, a medical oncologist evaluates patients by reviewing imaging scans, biopsies, and lab tests to confirm diagnoses and assess the stage of disease. They create individualized treatment plans that often combine different modalities, tailoring therapies to the biology of the cancer and the unique needs of each patient. Their work includes monitoring side effects, adjusting medications as needed, and coordinating with surgeons, radiation oncologists, and palliative care teams. The job demands a balance of scientific precision and human connection, as oncologists frequently deliver life-changing news and support patients through lengthy treatment courses.
Medical oncologists most often work in cancer centers, hospitals, and outpatient oncology clinics. In these settings, they have access to multidisciplinary teams and advanced treatment technologies that make comprehensive cancer care possible. Many also participate in clinical trials, bringing patients the opportunity to benefit from the latest innovations in cancer therapy. The environment is challenging but also deeply rewarding, as oncologists are able to witness breakthroughs in treatment and improvements in survival outcomes firsthand.
Education
Education
After a four-year bachelor's degree (likely in a Pre-Med major), a student must complete medical school, which is another four-year commitment.
Experience
Experience
After completing medical school, physicians enter an internal medicine residency
Expertise
Expertise
This is followed by a three-year fellowship in oncology. During this fellowship, they gain extensive training in diagnosing and treating a wide variety of cancers and learn how to integrate emerging therapies into practice.
To practice, they must pass licensing exams such as the USMLE or COMLEX, earn a state medical license, and obtain board certification in oncology, which demonstrates their expertise and commitment to maintaining the highest professional standards.
In 2025, the average salary for a medical oncologist in the United States ranges from $350,000 to $500,000 per year. Oncologists in high-demand urban centers, or those with leadership roles in major cancer institutes, often earn more. This strong compensation reflects the complexity of the specialty and the high demand for experts in cancer care.
The job outlook for medical oncologists is very strong. As cancer incidence rises with aging populations and as treatments continue to advance rapidly, the demand for skilled oncologists remains high. With breakthroughs in immunotherapy, precision medicine, and targeted therapies expanding the possibilities of cancer treatment, medical oncologists are positioned at the forefront of one of the most dynamic and impactful fields in medicine.
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