WHAT IS A DOCUMENT?

The document is any material that contains marks, symbols, or signs, either visible, partially visible, which may presently or ultimately convey a meaning or a message to someone. It typically consists of written and press-printed items, which can include marks on an object such as a color or blood on a wall or aboard. Other examples of documents are guns with serial numbers, walls with writings, and other objects with writings or symbols.

According to Revised Rules on Evidence, section 19 (Rules of Court), documents can be legally classified as either public or private.

• Public Document- a document created or executed by public officials.

• Private Document- a document created or executed by a private person.

HISTORY OF DOCUMENTS

Documents play a crucial role in recording and preserving human history and information. The history of documents internationally dates back to ancient civilizations, where early forms of writing on clay tablets, papyrus scrolls, and parchment were used to document important events, laws, and transactions.

In the Philippines, the documentation process has evolved over time, influenced by the country's rich cultural heritage and colonial history. From the indigenous scripts of the pre-colonial era to the Spanish-influenced documentation practices during the colonial period, the Philippines has a diverse and fascinating history of document creation and preservation.

KINDS OF DOCUMENTS

There are four (4) kinds of documents, and these are the following;

PUBLIC DOCUMENT- any documents notarized by a notary public or competent public official with solemnity required by the law.
PRIVATE DOCUMENT- any documents executed by a private person without the intervention of a notary or any other legally authorized person by which documents, some disposition or agreement are proved and set forth.
OFFICIAL DOCUMENT- issued by the government or its agents or its officers having the authority to do so and the offices, which in the accordance of their creation, they are authorized to issue and be issued in the performance of their duties.
COMMERCIAL DOCUMENT- executed in accordance with the Code of Commerce or any Mercantile Law, containing disposition of any commercial rights or obligations.

KINDS OF DOCUMENTS.mp4

LEGAL BASIS OF A DOCUMENT

- In the case of People Vs. Moreno- any written document by which a right is established, or an obligation is extinguished.
- In the case of People Vs Nillosquin- every deed or instrument executed by person by which some disposition or agreement is proved, evidence or set forth.
- In relation to Criminal Jurisprudence under the Best evidence Rule- any physical embodiment of information or ideas. Examples: letters, a contract, a receipt, a book of account, x ray

WRITINGS WHICH DO NOT CONSTITUTE A DOCUMENT

•(People Vs. Camacho)

A draft of a Municipal payroll that is not yet approved by the proper authority.

•(People Vs. Santiago)

Mere blank forms of official documents, the spaces of which are not filled up.

•(People vs. Agnis)

Pamphlets or books which do not evidence any disposition or agreement are not documents but are mere merchandise.

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS ACCORDING TO DISTRIBUTION

- General- documents receiving full circulation. This classification is used on basic documents and final meeting records, including agendas, studies and reports, communications from Governments, resolutions and other decisions of concerns.
- Limited- documents for which wide circulation is unnecessary because of the temporary nature of the documents, such as draft resolutions, amendments, draft reports and other action documents. Documents in the limited category are generally available for a relatively short period of time.
- Restricted- applies exclusively to documents whose content requires that they be treated as confidential or that they be withheld from public circulation.

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