QDE_LESSON 1
Prepared by: CAM Gonzales
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WHAT IS A QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION?
Questioned Document Examination the scientific study, analysis, and comparison of a questioned document or disputed writing for authentication or legal purpose. The examination is conducted by a qualified expert whose findings may be presented as testimony in a court of law. (Sorra, 2011)
This method is undertaken to establish the origin, validity, and quality of the document in terms of handwriting, typewriting, printing, modification, eradication, ink, paper, writing instruments, date, and other issues that may threaten the credibility of the document.
WHAT IS A DISPUTED DOCUMENT?
The term Disputed document indicates that there is an argument or dispute over the document. Therefore, the disputed document is always a QUESTIONED DOCUMENT, whereas the questioned document is not always disputed.
WHAT IS QUESTIONED DOCUMENT?
A document can be considered as a Questioned Document if there are some issues raised regarding the content or the materials used. This document may be questioned in whole or in part concerning its authenticity, identity or authorship, origin, or the relation among its parts or its relation to other things.
Over the year, lots of documents were submitted to the forensic laboratory for an investigation to determine its authenticity. One example of this is the case of Hilario Lamsen vs. the People of the Philippines. This trial found Lamsen guilty, beyond a reasonable doubt, of the crime of falsification of public records as described and punished under Article 172(1) of the Revised Criminal Code (RPC).
2 DIVISION OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
2 DIVISION OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
CRIMINALISTICS EXAMINATION
CRIMINALISTICS EXAMINATION
Criminalistic Examinations involve the scientific analysis of physical aspects of documents to uncover evidence related to its creation, alteration, or origin. This division focuses on the material properties of the document itself, rather than the content of handwriting. Dr. Wilson Harrison, a noted British Examiner of questioned documents said that an intelligent police investigation can detect almost 75% of all forgeries by careful inspection of a document with simple magnifiers and measuring tools.
EXAMPLES: Paper analysis, Ink Analysis
HANDWRITING ANALYSIS
HANDWRITING ANALYSIS
Handwriting Analysis also known as 'Graphology' involves the examination of handwriting to determine its authorship, identify potential forgeries, and analyze personality traits. This division focuses on the unique characteristics of an individual's handwriting, such as letter formation, slant, pressure and spacing.
EXAMPLES: Counterfeiting, Forgery Detection
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