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All India Radio (AIR) aka Akashvani (literal meaning "Voice from the Sky"), is an Indian state-owned public radio broadcaster founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and one of Prasar Bharati's two divisions. It was established in 1936.[2] It is the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, an Indian television broadcaster.[3] Headquartered in the Akashvani Bhavan building in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, the FM Section, and the National Service, and is also home to the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra, (Delhi).

In terms of the number of languages transmitted, the range of socioeconomic variety it serves, and the size of its broadcasting organisation, Akashvani is the largest radio network in the world. AIR's home service comprises 420 stations located across the country, reaching nearly 92% of the country's area and 99.19% of the total population. originates programming in 23 languages and 179 dialects.[4]

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'Akashavani' was also used in the context of radio by M. V. Gopalaswami in 1936 after setting up India's first private radio station in his residence, "Vittal Vihar" (about two hundred yards from AIR's current Mysore radio station).[7] Akashvani was later given as All India Radio's on-air name in 1957; given its literal meaning in Sanskrit, it was believed to be a more than suitable name for a broadcaster. The name "Akashwani" was suggested by very famous poet Pandit Narendra Sharma.

Broadcasting began in June 1923 during the British Raj with programmes by the Bombay Presidency Radio Club and other radio clubs. According to an agreement on 23 July 1927, the private Indian Broadcasting Company Ltd (IBC) was authorized to operate two radio stations: the Mumbai station which began on 23 July 1927, and the Kolkata station which followed on 26 August 1927. The company went into liquidation on 1 March 1930. The government took over the broadcasting facilities and began the Indian State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) on 1 April 1930 on an experimental basis for two years, and permanently in May 1932 it then went on to become All India Radio on 8 June 1936.[2]

On 1 October 1939, the External Service began with a broadcast in Pashto. It was intended to counter radio propaganda from Germany directed at Afghanistan, Iran and Arab nations. 1939 also saw the opening of the Dhaka station of Eastern India, in what is now Bangladesh. This station catered and nurtured the pioneers of Bengali intellectuals. The foremost among them, Natyaguru Nurul Momen, became the trail-blazer of the talk-show in 1939. He wrote and directed the first modern radio-play for this station in 1942.

When India became independent in 1947, the AIR network had only six stations (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Lucknow, and Tiruchirappalli). The three radio stations at Lahore, Peshawar and Dhaka remained in what became Pakistan after the division. The total number of radio sets in India at that time was about 275,000.

On 3 October 1957, the Vividh Bharati Service was launched, to compete with Radio Ceylon. Television broadcasting began in Delhi in 1959 as part of AIR, but was split off from the radio network as Doordarshan on 1 April 1976.[9] FM broadcasting began on 23 July 1977 in Chennai, and expanded during the 1990s.[10]

Deccan Radio (Nizam Radio 1932), the first radio station in Hyderabad State (now Hyderabad), went live on air on 3 February 1935. It was launched by Mir Osman Ali Khan the seventh Nizam of Hyderabad with a transmitting power of 200 Watts. On 1 April 1950, Deccan Radio was taken over by the Indian Government, and in 1956 it was merged with All India Radio (AIR). Since then, it has been known as AIR-Hyderabad (100 kW).[11]

Two high powered FM stations of All India Radio are being installed in Amritsar and Fazilka in the Punjab to supplement the programmes broadcast from transmitters operating from Jalandhar, New Delhi, Chandigarh and Mumbai and to improve the broadcast services during unfavourable weather conditions in the border regions of Punjab.

The External Services Division of AIR is a link between India and rest of the world, especially in countries with Indian emigrants and Indian diaspora. It broadcasts the Indian point of view on matters of national and international importance, and demonstrates the Indian way of life through its programs. QSL card (which are sought-after by international radio hobbyists) are issued to radio hobbyists by AIR in New Delhi for reception reports of their broadcasts.

Direct-to-home (DTH) service is a satellite broadcast service in which a large number of radio channels are digitally beamed down over a territory from a high-power satellite. AIR broadcasts various national and regional stations available to listen on DD Free Dish. The DTH signals can be received directly at homes using a small-sized dish receiver unit containing a dish antenna installed on a building's rooftop or on a wall facing clear south and one indoors.[17] DTH service is offered on twenty one channels via Insat.

There is a long tradition of broadcasting documentary features on AIR. There is great interest in radio documentaries, particularly in countries like India, Iran, South Korea and Malaysia. The most prominent broadcaster of English Features was Melville de Mellow, and of Hindi Features, Shiv Sagar Mishra. This format has been revived by AIR producers across India because of its flexibility, its relative low cost to produce, its messaging potential and its creative potential.

AIR's Central Drama Unit (CDU) is responsible for the national broadcast of plays. Plays produced by the CDU are translated and produced by regional stations. Since its inception in the 1960s, the unit has produced more than 1,500 plays, and the CDU houses a repository of old scripts and productions. The National Programme of Plays is broadcast by the CDU on the fourth Thursday of each month at 9.30 pm. Each play included in the National Programme of Plays is produced in 22 Indian languages and broadcast at the same time by all regional and national network stations. The CDU also produces Chain Plays, half-hour dramas broadcast in succession by a chain of stations.

When India first went into Covid-19 lockdown during the sweltering summer of 2020, millions of children in rural areas found themselves without access to basic education. But deep in the drought-stricken district of Satara in the central Indian state of Maharashtra, young kids huddled around the radio sets in their homes for an hour every morning and evening. They were listening to their own teachers on programs based on their school syllabi.

This public education effort was one of several community service initiatives from Mann Deshi Tarang Vahini, a community radio station broadcasting in the region since November 2008. Though the station started with the aim of sharing the success stories of women entrepreneurs from its parent organization, the NGO Mann Deshi Foundation, it has since assumed a wide range of roles.

Fittingly, when the Indian government began to give out licenses to communities to set up their own radio stations in 2008, Sangam Radio was the first to go on air. Backed by the Deccan Development Society in the south Indian state of Telangana, the station made history by being run entirely by women from the oppressed Dalit community.

Community radio stations narrowcast to specific groups, including farmers, fishermen, tribal groups, the physically challenged and the elderly. Each station is allocated a transmitter of 50 watts that covers up to 12 miles, which in India means dozens of villages, with thousands of listeners tuning in either on their radio sets or through phone apps. The listenership varies depending on density: while Kalanjiam Samuga Vanoli in Tamil Nadu, for instance, reaches nearly 90 villages and an audience of 110,000, Radio Bundelkhand in central India has more than 250,000 listeners spread over 150 villages.

In the last decade, these radio stations have proven particularly useful during crisis situations. When cyclone Fani hit Odisha in 2019, Radio Surabhi issued warnings and alerts, urging people in danger zones to evacuate and sharing information about shelters. And during the 2013 floods in the mountainous north Indian state of Uttarakhand, three such stations set up free systems for people to call in for help and communicate with their families through broadcast calls.

Community radio really came into its own during the stringent Covid lockdowns. In addition to broadcasting educational programs for children, various stations took on the task of explaining the concept of social distancing, urging people to vaccinate, fighting fake news and providing resources for migrant workers returning home from big cities like Mumbai and Delhi.

There are, however, barriers for small groups wanting to set up their own stations, including tight governmental controls, requiring several rounds of approvals from different ministries. And there is the question of financial sustainability: since the stations are typically backed by a local NGO or nonprofit group, funds are constantly tight and revenue streams thin; although advertising is legally allowed, there are few takers in these impoverished areas.

In partnership with TuneIn and myTuner, the company has radio stations from across the world including BBC Radio 2, ESPN Radio and BBC Radio 5 Live. Alexa will also be able to play regional radio channels like All India Radio Bangla.

Launching the radio station took an initial investment of US $270,000. Various fishing unions came up with roughly half; Fernando contributed the rest. Much of the money went toward state-of-the-art studio equipment and soundproofing. Since the station functions near the maritime border between two countries, it took Fernando four years of wading through extensive red tape to get the license. He also covers expenses where needed every month. The deep investment is worth it, Fernando says, when he sees the change it is creating. 17dc91bb1f