Flood In Assam Essay Pdf VERIFIED Download

Introduction: Flood is one of the natural calamities. It occurs in somewhere in the world and affects human life. From the pages of history, we learnt about big floods and its destructions in the human civilization. The main reasons of occurring flood is heavy rain,Tsunami and breaking of big dams, etc. In our time, we have witnessed many floods in Assam and we are suffering from this natural calamity.

Reasons of flood in Assam: Assam is a hilly state with many snaking rivers and its tributaries. Mighty rivers like The Brahmaputra and Barak and its small river branches get additional water from the melted ice of the Himalayan glaciers in the summer time. When the heavy rain of the monsoon added in it, surpassed the water level in these rivers and occurs destructive floods. Moreover, the poor and defective embankments help to spread flood water quickly and caused severe damage to the people. Assam is reaching more than average rainfall in some areas every year where proper drainage system are not available and caused mini floods as well.

Flood In Assam Essay Pdf Download

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Effects of flood in human life: Flood destroys a lot of human resources like crops, cattle, houses, livestock and many more. It hinders the smooth lives of human beings taking back to the life of disadvantage. Flood destroys the road communication, affects the electrical system and help to occur soil erosions and lost of well setup areas. Sometimes dangerous floods take souls of many people. Flood spread water born diseases, deteriorating health conditions. Flood also affects the wildlife habitats, animals dies, and bound flee at a safer place. Assam has many wildlife sanctuaries, when flood reaches there, valuable animals dies and run away in other places. It's a great loss of our state.

Relief service: The government of Assam serves flood affected people timely with adequate needs anywhere in the state. They provide funding and help people with requirements. The National Disaster Response Force reaches in time to operate rescue works and they also help people with great dedication. Private organizations, Ngos reach flood affected areas with foods, medicines and help people to shift to a safe place.

Flood control management: In order to keep safe the people inhabited in the banks of rivers, and flood prone zones, the government has taken up lots of measures like construction of embankments and flood walls, river training and bank protection work, anti erosion and town protection, etc. Yet, we are affected by this calamity in some areas. More improvements are highly recommended in the future.

Conclusion: Frequent flood in Assam really pushed back the development of Assam people. It really hampers the life of many people. The government should look into the matter more seriously. More embankments and water walls should be created, then only we can live with a smile.

Incessant rains have wreaked havoc in Assam even before the onset of monsoon this year, flooding much of Assam, destroying crops, and displacing lakhs of people.

Assam is situated in the foothills of the Himalayas and is formed by the land of two river basins, namely the Brahmaputra and the Barak. The mighty Brahmaputra river is the most important river flowing diagonally through the flood plains of Assam.

In Assam, 85% of the yearly rainfall in the Brahmaputra Valley occurs during the monsoon months. In addition, the valley receives a good amount of rainfall in April and May due to typhoon activities, which cause floods during the heavy rains in June.

Biological diversity is being eroded as fast as at any time since the dinosaurs died out some 65 million years ago. Some of the important factors, which have a great impact on biodiversity, are certain natural disasters like flood, earthquake, landslide, storm and so on. Being located on the banks of the great rivers most of the forest areas are prone to flood.

Particularly, North-East India is one of the worst flood affected areas and yet does not have any proper disaster management policy (Singh, 2004). Flood causes 30 per cent of the total economic loss. Being located on the Brahmaputra floodplain some part of Assam state is severely affected by flood.

For example, percentage decadal growth of population of the states Assam, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh in the year 1991-2001 is 18.85 per cent, 64.41 per cent and 26.21 per cent respectively. It has a great impact directly or indirectly on the biodiversity and occurrence of flood. Moreover, density of population is also high in some of the north-eastern states, for example in Assam it was 286 per sq. km in the year 1991 and was increased to 340 per sq. km in the year 2001 (Table 2).

Moreover, being located on the southern bank of the river Brahmaputra, Kaziranga National Park is one of the worst flood prone areas. This area gets flooded almost every year, sometimes several times in a year, submerging 80 to 90 per cent of the total landmass. Therefore, this paper deals with the relationship among environment, flood and biodiversity in the north-eastern region taking Kaziranga as the case study.

The terrain of the national park is more or less flat with gentle, almost imperceptible slope from east to west. Alluvial deposits of the river Brahmaputra due to recurrent floods form the soil of the national park. The total area of Kaziranga National Park is 430 sq. km. The climate of the national park is subtropical monsoon type with high humidity.

Rainfall is heavy during summer. The average annual rainfall is 1,320 mm. The maximum temperature is 35C and the minimum temperature is 8.9C. The hottest months are July and August. The climatic condition is also somewhat changeable during different seasons of the year. To determine the relation among the environment, flood and the biodiversity in the study area, data has been collected from both the primary and secondary sources.

The studied area is visited for two periods, once in the months of July and August that is in the peak of the flood period and once in the month of January that is in the lean season. The primary survey was conducted in four villages, out of which, two villages are located in the transitional zone (that is, villages located between core and the buffer zone) and another two are located in the buffer zone (that is, 1-10 km around the boundary of the national park). A random survey of 120 households that is 30 households from each village of the study area was carried out to collect primary data.

Flood is defined as a relatively higher flow of water in a river than the usual that causes inundation of lowland. During monsoon, these small rivers originating in the Karbi Anglong hills become unbelievably dangerous along with mighty Brahmaputra, which causes flood to the Kaziranga National Park.

The flood of the Brahmaputra can generally be attributed to a host of interrelated natural and anthropogenic factors. The natural factors include heavy monsoonal rains and devastating landslides, easy erodibility of rocks of the northern mountains, steep slopes and high seismicity, while the anthropogenic factors include large scale deforestation in the hilly catchments, practice of shifting cultivation, human intervention in the river system including encroachment in the floodplains, destructions of natural wetlands and poorly managed embankment system.

The floods of Brahmaputra made a quantum leap, especially after the great 1950 earthquake. The cumulative effect of these factors has aggravated the flood situation on the floodplain of the Brahmaputra as well as the Kaziranga National Park.

Usually floodwater rises from the middle of the month of May and it comes in 3-4 waves till October depending on the intensity of the monsoonal rain in the valley. Floodwater reaches a height of 3 to 4 metres at some particular places of the park. Moreover, the floodwater generally remains for 15-20 days or more affecting the wildlife considerably.

Flood season is always considered to be a dreaded period for Kaziranga National Park but the role played by flood in maintaining the park ecosystem is also very important. Therefore, both positive and negative impacts of flood are studied to make a proper assessment of the theme.

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People from this community often travel to adjacent towns for work, to buy groceries, or to meet other family members. When flooding is at its peak, they have to travel about 10 kilometers by foot, then take a ferry for about two hours one way to reach the nearest town.

Residents of Dibrugarh in the Indian border state of Assam were again overwhelmed with fear recently over the twin threats of flood and erosion that have haunted the district continuously for the past several decades.

An interplay of many factors has contributed to the perilous state of affairs in the district. Dibrugarh is a mix of flood plains, lakes, swamps, sandbars and highlands. The location of the district is such that it remains exposed to mainstream flooding from the Brahmaputra River, tributary flooding from both Maijan Beel (a lake located north of the city) and the Buridehingmukh River (to the south of the city), and local flooding from heavy rains.

Occasionally, all the factors have combined to cause massive floods in the region. Areas that were tea plantations have been subjected to erosion and inundation by the floods. The conditions in the city have been aggravated by poor drainage and the inadequate sluice outlet in Maijan Beel.

Over the past many decades, it is estimated that the flood levels at Dibrugarh have increased seemingly at a constant rate of 0.33 meters per decade because of periodical slugs of sediment load resulting in overall aggradation of the riverbed. Consequently, the capacity of the river to hold water has reduced over the years. 006ab0faaa