One of the main sources of financial dictionary is the financial glossary by Campbell R. Harvey, renowned finance expert and J. Paul Sticht, professor of International Business at Duke University. It provides concise definitions of 8,000 terms with 18,000 useful links. This information comes from the world of banking and investing, providing users with thorough and reliable meanings to all the most common, and even uncommon, financial terms.
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Our Financial Dictionary has definitions of over 300 financial terms. The dictionary was created to serve as financial education tool, helping anybody interested in learning about finance, money, and investing. The Financial Dictionary consists of definitions of the most popular and commonly used financial terms like loan, mortgage, financing, credit, credit card, bank, and more. Instead of traditionally grouping the articles and definitions in our financial dictionary alphabetically, we have grouped them into several financial categories, as we believe that the website structure will be more useful for our visitors this way. Our Canadian visitors looking for loans, can use the Canadian Loans directory, and search for financial provider.
The General Finance category explains what borrower and lender is, and defines frequently used financial words. The Loans section of our financial dictionary, defines what is a loan, and describes various types of loans. Even though a mortgage is just another type of loan, we have separated it in its own category Mortgages, where you can learn about different types of mortgages, and get acquainted with a variety of mortgage terms. The Banking section of the site deals with another important part of our financial life, explaining popular banking phrases and terms. We have also created Investing category, which guides you through several investment terms, every investor must know. The final section of our finance dictionary is the Debt section, which tackles unpleasant, but nonetheless important topics as bankruptcy, debt consolidation, and collection agencies.
We've recently added an online loan calculator, which you can use to calculate loan monthly payments and loan interest costs. Home buyers can use our mortgage calculator to calculate their monthly mortgage payments.
An officially appointed person or team who is responsible for determining the accuracy of business records. Auditors can be independent, affiliated to the company they are audition, or even public officials. The main role of the auditor is to ensure companies are maintaining accurate and verifiable records and statements.
The requirements of an audit committee often vary in accordance with the governing body. For example, in the US the Sarbanes-Oxley Act demands that all members be independent and that companies disclose whether or not the committee contains a financial expert.
A recent example of a business going bankrupt would be British camera retailer Jessops, which announced in January 2013 that it was entering administration due to being unable to pay its debts. 187 stores were closed, 1,370 jobs were lost, and a company that had been on many UK high streets since 1935 ceased to trade.
The last line of a financial statement that reflects the net profit or loss of a company. The figure factors in total revenues, minus total expenses to give net earnings or overall profit. A business that is said to be raising its net earnings or decreasing its expenses is said to be "improving its bottom line."
Illegally paying a party in return for a financial or legal favour. Bribes are often given to public officials in a bid to escape legal convictions, or as incentive to overlook inhibiting legislation. Committing bribery is typically punishable with serious punitive action from regulatory officials.
In 2007, the US Justice Department settled charges against Lucent Technologies after the telecoms company decided not to report millions of dollars worth of travel expenses used by Chinese foreign officials working for state-controlled telecom companies. After admitting to their crimes, Lucent were fined $2.5m.
Apple used cannibalisation effectively when they released the iPad in 2010. Although its introduction curbed sales of the Macintosh computer, the product expanded the market for consumer computing hardware, creating greater opportunities for Apple.
This represents the price of an asset, including the cost it would take to acquire that asset. It also means that an expenditure is recorded as an asset, instead of as an expense, appearing on the balance sheet instead of the income statement.
Companies capitalise assets as a way of showing it to be a long-term asset, rather than as an expense. If a company were to buy a factory, it would spread the cost of it over a long period of time, as it would be used for more than just a single accounting period.
An example of a cash flow statement would show three sections, beginning with cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from investing activities, and cash flow from financing activities. Operating activities include production, sales and payments. Investing activities cover the purchase or sale of an asset, as well as loans. Financing activities include cash coming from investors and dividend payouts.
The role a business plays in its community, in both an economic and social sense. Particularly important nowadays, it takes a prominent role in company reports, and increasingly firms are eager to promote themselves as having strong ties to their communities.
Many companies claim to be good corporate citizens, but one leading example would be computing giant IBM, which dedicates much of its resources towards environmental, community, educational and health causes around the world. It has won a number of awards for ensuring its Integrated Supply Chain (ISC) makes high-quality, energy efficient products.
The day on which a key employee is granted a stock option. This issuance usually takes place under a contractual stock plan, and grants the employee the right to purchase a capped number of company shares at a predetermined price. Contracted employees must typically wait an extended period of time before they are granted permission to use any predetermined stock options.
The proportion of debt a company has relative to its assets. Calculated by a simple formula, a debt ratio above 1 means a company has more debt than assets. If the ratio is less than one, the company has more assets. The measure is useful to determine how leveraged a company is and its level of risk, when applied with other measures of financial soundness.
This refers to an individual, government or business that owes a debt to another entity. A debt, issued by a financial institution e.g. a bank, is called a loan and the debtor is referred to as a borrower. If a debt is issued in the form of securities e.g. bonds, then the debtor is referred to as an issuer.
Directors are charged with running specific departments and reporting to the shareholders that appoint them. Elected at annual meetings, directors serve fixed terms before being nominated for re-election. Directly involved in the running of the business, they are also liable for those actions.
Company directors do not have to own any part of the business, and they are not restricted to the number of other companies they can be directors of. For example, in 2013 Australian investment banker Carolyn Hewson sits on the boards of four leading Australian listed companies with a combined market capitalisation of nearly A$209bn.
The act of making public or releasing all information by a company that may affect investment decisions, in the interest of fairness. Companies must meet disclosure standards in order to be listed in major stock exchanges. Brokerage firms, analysts and other financial institutions must also meet disclosure standards to avoid disputes over conflict of interest.
Dividends can take the form of cash, stock or property. Stable companies usually offer dividends to investors because of their largely unchanging share price. Alternatively, rapidly expanding companies pay few dividends and instead reinvest their profits to sustain a high growth rate.
A measure used to determine how well a company uses its assets and liabilities internally. Efficiency ratios can calculate a number of measures from turnover of receivables to the quantity and usage of equity. These ratios are useful when compared to the same figures in similar companies in order to identify what businesses are better run, and target management improvements.
A technical evaluation of energy consumption in a business to monitor usage patterns. Energy audits usually aim at identifying where energy consumption savings can be made and efficiency increased. Energy audits can be carried out internally, or by an unaffiliated auditor.
A stake in a public business that, in finance terms, counts as ownership of an asset once all debts are considered. Stocks are referred to as equity, and are traded on the stock market. It is the most junior class of asset.
Equity is the remaining interests in the assets of a business, once liabilities have been deducted. Examples of equity include ordinary share capital, preference share capital, retained earnings and revaluation surpluses.
Used to determine the percentage an investor earns on their shares through dividends. It allows a stock to be evaluated in relation to bonds. The Bond Equity Earnings Yield Ratio (BEER) helps investors see the correlation between earnings yields and bond yields.
The last day (in America) or the only day (in Europe) when a specific option may be exercised- that is the final or only day when a holder can implement his or her right over an option to buy or sell an underlying security. 152ee80cbc
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